Historic Preservation Board

MEMBERS Historic Preservation Board Brad Miller (Chair) Valerie Paquin-Gould (Vice-Chair) Wednesday, April 15, 2026 at 5:00 PM Hilary Bassett Room 24 (Basement Level of City Hall) William DeSerres and Zoom Michael Hutchins Kristina Sottery Rob Whitten The Historic Preservation Board invites the public to attend the meeting in person or Zoom pursuant to the Remote Meeting Policy adopted by the Historic Preservation Board. Prior to the meeting, please check the Agenda Center https://portlandme.portal.civicclerk.com to view memos and reports which will be posted by the end of the day on the Friday before the Historic Preservation Board meeting. Please note that the placement of each item on the agenda is subject to change. Please check the Agenda Center prior to the meeting for the item start time. REMOTE PARTICIPATION Allow your computer to install the free Zoom app to get the best meeting experience. If you are not able to attend either in person or via Zoom, a recording will be available in the Agenda Center following the meeting. For more information on how to use zoom, please go here: https://content.civicplus.com/api/assets/18148b5d-f26e-472f-8d2c-245db97e5c27 Please click the link below to join the webinar: Join from PC, Mac, iPad, or Android: https://portlandmaine-gov.zoom.us/j/81877014446 Phone one-tap: +16469313860,,81877014446# US +19292056099,,81877014446# US (New York) Join via audio: +1 646 931 3860 US +1 929 205 6099 US (New York) +1 301 715 8592 US (Washington DC) +1 305 224 1968 US +1 309 205 3325 US +1 312 626 6799 US (Chicago) +1 386 347 5053 US +1 507 473 4847 US +1 564 217 2000 US +1 669 444 9171 US +1 669 900 6833 US (San Jose) +1 689 278 1000 US +1 719 359 4580 US +1 253 205 0468 US +1 253 215 8782 US (Tacoma) +1 346 248 7799 US (Houston) +1 360 209 5623 US 1 Page 1 Webinar ID: 818 7701 4446 International numbers available: https://portlandmaine-gov.zoom.us/u/kh46LrJkz PUBLIC COMMENT INFORMATION: To submit written public comment on an agenda item, email hp@portlandmaine.gov. Submissions must be received by 12:00 pm the day before the Historic Preservation Board meeting to guarantee their inclusion in the agenda packet. All submissions must include the commenter's name and legal address. To help ensure your comment is submitted for the correct item, please include the name of the agenda item (see below). AGENDA: 1. ROLL CALL AND DECLARATION OF QUORUM 2. REPORT OF ATTENDANCE AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026 i. Public Hearing Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; DeSerres, Hutchins, Miller, Paquin-Gould and Whitten present. Bassett and Sottery absent. 3. REPORTS OF DECISIONS AT THE MEETING HELD ON APRIL 1, 2026 i. Public Hearing Review of New Construction (Garage) & Addition; 381 Danforth Street; Ian Goldstein & Sarah Ratner, Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00062-2026. The Board voted 5 in favor, none opposed to approve the application. 4. COMMUNICATION AND REPORTS i. None 5. PUBLIC HEARING i. Review of & Recommendation to Maine Historic Preservation Commission regarding National Register Nomination for 0 Fessenden Avenue (Little Diamond Island Casino). ii. Review of Alterations; 279 Congress Street; St. Paul's Parish Church, Applicant. Plan Number: HP-00061-2026 6. WORKSHOP i. Review of New Construction; 30 Atlantic Street; Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones, Applicants. Plan Number: HP-00068-2026 2 Page 2 STAFF MEMORANDUM HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board FROM: Evan R. Schueckler, Historic Preservation Program Manager DATE: April 10, 2026 RE: 0 Fessenden Avenue –PUBLIC HEARING – Review and Recommendation to Maine Historic Preservation Commission for National Register Listing PROJECT ID: N/A MEETING: April 15, 2026 Owner: Little Diamond Island Association Preparer: Christi Chapman-Mitchell A legal ad was published in the Portland Press Herald on April 2, 2026 and April 3, 2026, and notices were sent to owners of the property. _________________________________________ INTRODUCTION The applicant is nominating the structure at 0 Fessenden Avenue, known as the Little Diamond Island Casino, to the National Register of Historic Places. Per Subsection 2.2.9 of Portland’s Land Use Code and the requirements of the Certified Local Government Program (Attachment 1), the Portland Historic Preservation Board should provide a report to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission (MHPC) addressing the Board’s findings related to: 1. Applicability of National Register Criteria; 2. How the nomination of this property contributes to local preservation efforts; i.e., educational programs, planning, economic development, protection, etc.; and 3. A summary of public comment. _________________________________________ 1 Page 3 SUMMARY OF HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE Figure 1: Partial aerial view of Portland showing location of the Little Diamond Island Casino at 0 Fessenden Avenue with a yellow star. A Figure 2: Aerial view looking north over Casco Bay showing the Little Diamond Island Casino (A). 2 Page 4  Figure 3: Sketch map showing proposed National Register designation boundary for the Little Diamond Casino in red. The nomination before the Board (Attachment 2) is for individual listing of the Little Diamond Island Casino on the National Register of Historic Places under National Register Criteria: − A: associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the board patterns of our history; − C: reflect in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic value or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; The statement of significance summary paragraph states: “The Little Diamond Island Casino is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as a locally significant example of a type of community building that historically has, and currently is, the central focus of the social life of the inhabitants of this small island in Portland, Cumberland County, Maine. Built in 1909 by developer Charles “Windy” Brown as a restaurant and small store to anchor a nascent summer cottage development on the island, the Casino has served as the community hall, meeting hall, and entertainment venue since 1924. The two-story wood framed building is located on Shell Island, a rocky protuberance of ledge and boulders, and is connected to Little Diamond Island via the public pier. As befits its location, the building features a wrap-around porch/veranda, and multiple windows on all sides to take in the view. The low-slung hip roof of the shingled 3 Page 5  building serves to shield the interior from the sun and to visually lower its profile. While firm architectural attribution is unknown, the building falls into a stylistic and design category of buildings built for similar functions throughout seaside summer colonies and resorts, and along Maine’s many interior lakes. The Little Diamond Island Casino is significant under Criterion A for social history and as a site for entertainment and recreation, and it is also significant under Criterion C, architecture, as a type of building erected at the turn of the twentieth century in a specific context. The period of significance is 1909-1912 and 1924 – 1975 (fifty years before the present).” (Attachment 2, page 13) _________________________________________ ANALYSIS OF APPLICABLE REVIEW STANDARDS National Register Criteria: Criterion A: Event Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Criterion Met? Staff Comments The Little Diamond Island Casino is associated with the early twentieth century development of Little Diamond Island as a vacation community. Additionally, the Casino is associated with the social history of the island Yes from its original use as a restaurant and recreation facility until its conversion to a private residence, to its purchase by the Little Diamond Island Association for its ongoing use as a community center for the Island’s seasonal community. Criterion B: Person Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Criterion Met? Staff Comments Not applicable Criterion C: Design/Construction Property reflects in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic value or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. Criterion Met? Staff Comments The Little Diamond Island Casino is significant as an example of the design recreational buildings that were typical of Maine’s late nineteenth and early twentieth century recreational landscape, both along the coast and around Yes the State’s inland waters. It is typical of Casino-type buildings, only a small number of which survive, and also embodies the traits of the shingle style architecture common to Portland. 4 Page 6  Criterion D: Information Potential Property has yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. Criterion Met? Staff Comments Not Applicable Portland’s Plan 2030: Historic Resources: Local Goals Identify, document, designate, and preserve Portland’s historic resources, including individual structures, neighborhoods, parks, cemeteries, and archaeological resources. Goal Met? Staff Comments This nomination documents and designates a historically and architecturally Yes significant resource to the National Register. Promote Historic Preservation as a key economic, sustainability, and community development strategy. Goal Met? Staff Comments The designation of 0 Fessenden Avenue will allow for the rehabilitation of the historically significant structure through the use of Federal Rehabilitation Tax Yes Credits promoting economic activity and supporting the retention of a historically important building. Stabilize and enhance historic areas of the city by ensuring quality investment in existing structures and compatible infill development. Goal Met? Staff Comments Access to Federal Rehabilitation Tax Credits for the Little Diamond Island Casino will ensure that any tax credit rehabilitations that are undertaken follow the Yes Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and are of high quality and will continue use of the structure. _________________________________________ MOTION FOR CONSIDERATION I move to recommend that the Maine Historic Preservation Commission support the nomination for the Little Diamond Island Casino at 0 Fessenden Avenue to be individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places on the basis of submitted documentation; information provided in the staff memo; and findings by the Historic Preservation Board that the proposed nomination meets National Register Criteria A & C, and that the proposed nomination is in support of Portland’s Plan 2030. Historic Preservation Staff shall make a report of these findings and a summary of public comment to the Maine Historic Preservation Commission on behalf of the Board. _________________________________________ 5 Page 7 ATTACHMENTS 1. Communication from Maine Historic Preservation Commission regarding request for Historic Preservation Board Review of National Register Nomination 2. 2026 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for The Little Diamond Island Casino 3. National Register Bulletin: How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation 6 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11  MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION 10 WATER STREET 65 STATE HOUSE STAT ION HALLOWELL, MAINE 04347 JANET MILLS KIRK F. MOHNEY GOVERNOR DIRECTOR NATIONAL REGISTER CRITERIA The quality of significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, and culture is present in districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, material, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: A. that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; or B. that are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. that reflect in an outstanding manner the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D. that have yielded or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, or graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the last 50 years shall not be considered for the National Register. Such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories: A. a religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or B. a building or structure removed from its original location but which is significant primarily for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event; or C. a birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his productive life; or D. a cemetery that derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events; or E. a reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived; or F. a property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance; or G. a property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance. Page 12  MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION 10 WATER STREET 65 STATE HOUSE STAT ION HALLOWELL, MAINE 04347 JANET MILLS KIRK F. MOHNEY GOVERNOR DIRECTOR FACT SHEET Listing of historic properties in the National Register results in the following: 1. Official recognition of the historic and cultural importance of a property as part of the Nation’s heritage which ought to be preserved. 2. Control and authority over the use and disposition of a property listed in the National Register or deemed eligible for such listing remain solely with the owner unless he or she has applied for and received a matching grant or other Federal funding, or is participating in a rehabilitation tax credit project. Listing in the National Register does not mean that limitations will be placed on the property by the Federal government. Public visitation rights are not required by the owner. 3. Consideration in planning for Federal, federally licensed, and federally assisted projects. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 requires that Federal agencies allow the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on all projects affecting historic properties listed in the National Register. For further information please refer to 36 CFR 800. 4. Eligibility for Federal tax provisions. If a property is individually listed or contributes to the historic significance of a listed National Register district, certain Federal tax provisions may apply. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 provides a 20% investment tax credit for certified rehabilitations of historic commercial, industrial and rental residential buildings. The Tax Treatment Extension Act of 1980 provides Federal tax deductions for charitable contributions for conservation purposes of partial interests in historically important land areas or structures. Whether such provisions are advantageous to a property owner is dependent upon the particular circumstances of the property and the owner. Because tax aspects outlined above are complex, individuals should consult legal counsel or the appropriate local Internal Revenue Service office for assistance in determining the tax consequences of the above provisions. For further information please refer to 36 CFR 67. 5. Qualification for Federal grants for historic preservation when funds are available. Presently funding is unavailable. Contact (S.H.P.O.) to determine the present status of such grants. Page 13 NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. 1. Name of Property Historic name: Casino Other names/site number: Little Diamond Island Casino (preferred for listing) Name of related multiple property listing: N/A (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) 2. Location Street & number: 0 Fessenden Avenue, Little Diamond Island City or town: Portland State: Maine County: Cumberland Not For Publication: N/A Vicinity: N/A 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide X local Applicable National Register Criteria: XA B XC D Signature of certifying official/Title: Date MAINE HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official: Date Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government 1 Page 14 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) _____________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Signature of the Keeper Date of Action _____________________________________________________________________ 5. Classification Ownership of Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) Private Public – Local Public – State Public – Federal Category of Property (Check only one box.) Building(s) District Site Structure Object 2 Page 15 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Number of Resources within Property (Do not include previously listed resources in the count) Contributing Noncontributing 1_____ _____ buildings _____ _____ sites _____ _____ structures _____ _____ objects 1_____ 0_____ Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 0________ 6. Function or Use Historic Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) COMMERCE/TRADE / restaurant SOCIAL / clubhouse Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) SOCIAL / clubhouse 3 Page 16 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State 7. Description Architectural Classification (Enter categories from instructions.) LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS / Craftsman LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY AMERICAN MOVEMENTS / Prairie School Materials: (enter categories from instructions.) Principal exterior materials of the property: Foundation - Stone, Wood Posts; Walls - Wood Shingle; Roof - Asphalt Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and noncontributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity.) Summary Paragraph The Little Diamond Island Casino is a wood framed two story building located on a small outcrop of exposed ledge, called Shell Island, on the southernmost tip of Little Diamond Island. The Casino was constructed in 1909 and is thought to have been designed by the Portland architect John Calvin Stevens (1855-1940). This large building was erected initially as a restaurant, was used residentially for a decade, and has served as the Island’s meeting space and clubhouse since 1924. Positioned over the ledge on pilings, the Casino is adjacent to the town’s public pier, boat dock, and ferry landing to the east and south. Another 110 feet north the pier connects to the island between a sandy beach and the first of approximately 58 summer cottages that are located on Little Diamond Island. The southeast, southwest, and northeast elevations of the wood shingled building feature a wraparound porch on the lower story. An asphalt-shingle, shed-roof dormer centered on the southeast elevation extends from the hipped asphalt roof. All the elevations feature numerous sets of wood windows, and a partially exposed brick chimney rises through the roof of the first floor and the eves of the second floor on the northwestern elevation. Stylistically the building is vernacular in the sense that it draws from multiple popular or emerging styles, including Shingle Style, Craftsman Style and Prairie Style. Little Diamond Island, which is connected to Great Diamond Island to the north via a sand bar at low tide, is located in the southwestern portion of Casco Bay, off the 4 Page 17 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Gulf of Maine. Both islands are part of the City of Portland, Cumberland County, Maine, the mainland portion of which is 1.4 miles west. Several other islands in the Bay with summer or year-round populations are located within five miles of Little Diamond Island. This building has a high degree of integrity of location, setting, workmanship, association, materials, and feeling, and only minimum changes to its original design. Narrative Description Setting The Little Diamond Island Casino (“LDI Casino”, or “Casino”), resting on pilings above Casco Bay and set out from land, is one of the first sights that greet anyone arriving to Little Diamond Island via the public ferry (photo 1). Perched on the edge of a granite ledge outcrop and connected to the island by elevated pier, the building rises above the Bay. Its wide wrap- around porch, overhanging eaves, and low-pitched hip roof help give the building prominence without overwhelming the backdrop of the cottages that extend up the Island’s hill to the north. Most of the building is supported by a complex system of pilings and braces, with the southeast elevation anchored to the ledge outcrop. At the top of the outcrop, in front of the building is a small grassy area edged with Rosa Rugusa and other hardy shrubs; a flagpole is also located on this grassy area.1 Description Exterior The primary façade, which is so designated by its more prominent double doors and centered dormer, faces south and looks out over the exposed ledge towards the ferry landing (photo 2). The west elevation has a single door to the interior under the porch, but there is no access from the porch to the ground/ledge/water below (photo 5). The east elevation is attached to the public pier and has a door into the Casino as well as an entrance into the part of the building used as a small store (photo 3). Half of the northern elevation can be accessed by a walkway on piers that leads to a back utility door; the other half is inaccessible (photo 4). The overall footprint of the Casino is 69’9” wide (east to west) and 48’6” deep (north to south). Centered within this footprint is a two-story mass measuring roughly 50’ x 38’9” which contains the interior spaces. On the first floor this mass is surrounded by the wrap-around porch on the south, the west, and half of the east elevations; however, the northern portion of the porch on the east elevation has been enclosed, as has the entire north elevation. Thus, the building reads as if there is a wrap-around porch around the entire building, under a continuous roof. Unlike traditional Craftsman style architecture, the rafter tails are not exposed, and the eves are finished with flat sheathing. The porch supports are square posts set at intervals of nine, 1 The building faces southeast, but for ease of understanding throughout the remainder of this narrative it will be described as facing south. 5 Page 18 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State ten or eleven feet, with a balustrade of cross braces.2 On the southwest and western side of the porch coated wire has been strung horizontally through the cross braces for added protection. The second floor of the Casino is rectangular with no protrusions save the two-bay dormered porch on the south elevation. The wooden shingle cladding is painted dark brown, all trim and porch elements are light yellow and the asphalt roof and porch floor are brick red. In composition the Casino is a regularly patterned, if not always symmetrical, building. The south elevation contains five bays on each floor: two paired bays of two-over-two windows flank a set of double doors on the first floor and a similar, but shorter, set flank the dormered porch on the second floor (photo 2). On the exterior wall under the second story porch roof are two single two-over-two windows on either side of a single leaf door. All of the windows are single paned, double-hung wood sash set in a common surround. The western elevation contains three sets of the shorter double-hung windows on the second floor, while under the porch there are two sets of the longer paired windows, a single door and a single window in the main mass of the building and a pair of the longer windows in the last bay of the porch (photo 5). Here the west elevation of that part of the enclosed porch that stretches across the north side of the building is flush with the main mass, forming a continuous wall plane. The north elevation has an irregular fenestration pattern on the first floor consisting of, from east to west, a short two-over-two window, a square wood-covered door to an icebox, a single leaf door with fixed four light sash, a set of four conjoined double-hung two-over-two windows, and a single two-over-two window (photo 4). The easternmost window, icebox door and pedestrian door are all fronted and accessed by a walkway mounted on pilings and connected to the public pier. A wooden latticework fence is located along the outside edge of this walkway. On the second floor two sets of the shorter windows are symmetrically positioned on either side of the brick chimney. This chimney initially rises vertically through the first-floor roof, then tapers inward before emerging through the second story roof as a vertical stack. In the northern half of the east elevation the exterior wall plane extends to the perimeter of the footprint of the porch (photo 3). This section of the building functions as a small store and contains a three-panel and four-light door, flanked by a pair of short, one-over-one hopper windows set high in the wall. On the southern half of the elevation, the exterior wall aligns with the main mass of the building and has a similar three-panel door set next to a single and then a paired set of the longer windows. On the second floor there are four windows like the others on this level. They are evenly distributed across the elevation in three bays, with the center two windows sharing a common window frame. Interior The interior of the LDI Casino is divided into three primary and one secondary spaces on the first floor, and one primary and two secondary spaces on the top floor. The three first floor 2 The design of this railing is not original; it was built between 1980 and 1984, approximately. There was no balustrade depicted in early postcards (Figure 1 and 1a), but an aerial image postmarked in 1935 shows a raised balustrade. The 1950 tax photograph at https://assessors.portlandmaine.gov/api/document/61/782434/file appears to depict tongue and groove boards between the balustrade rails, but this is somewhat unclear. Photographs from c. 1976 show a solid barrier of tongue and groove boards situated between un upper and lower rail. 6 Page 19 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State rooms include the large dining room in the southern two-thirds of the building, the kitchen in the northern and northwestern third of the building and the small store in the northeast corner (photo 6). As mentioned above, there are three entrances into the dining room from under the covered porch -one on each of the south, west, and east sides. The doors on the east and west side are single doors while the door on the south side is a set of double doors, and can be thought of as the “main” entrance, although the east door, adjacent to the wharf walkway is used more often. In the northeast corner of this room, which measures 26’ x 49’, a two-run staircase is nestled against the wall, and a single door leads into a small bathroom (photo 8). A single large, chamfered beam runs east to west across the middle of the ceiling and is supported on four square posts unevenly placed approximately eight to twelve feet apart. The room has narrow, hardwood floor, and exposed joists and studs. The studs are backed by the exterior sheathing around the perimeter of the room, and both the studs and sheathing are painted white. The joists are unpainted. Interior trim around the windows and doors is flat stock. The north partition wall with the kitchen also has exposed and painted studs and sheathing. A pair of four paneled and one light swinging doors are set in west half of the partition wall. Pendant lights descend from the joists. At the center of the northern partition wall is large chimney stack with a shallow brick fireplace, brick hearth, stone mantel, and brick decorative overmantel panel (photo 7). The stack is laid or faced with native cut stone, with vertical stones providing a flared lintel above the brick panel and the firebox. The mantel appears to be a large, thick slab of dark grey polished concrete. The decorative design of the red brick and light salmon mortar of the overmantel panel is obscured by two brass plaques, one a family memorial and the other recognizing a local donor instrumental in purchasing the building. Above the top lintel the brick base of the arch for the second-floor hearth is visible through the joists. The kitchen is narrow, with a line of cupboards and open shelving built against the partition wall, a large gas range and ventilation hood backed up to the back side of the chimney stack, and a series of counters, sinks, and refrigerators lining the west and north exterior walls (photo 9). One of the sinks has two basins and is constructed of soap stone, another is shallow and built of slate, with slate aprons and backsplash. Counters are wood covered with stainless steel and several stainless-steel tables/carts are positioned as movable workspaces in the room. The flooring, trim and wall treatments are the same as in the dining room, and the exposed rafters slope towards the exterior wall. At the east end of the kitchen is an exterior door on the north wall and an old walk-in cooler against the east wall (photo10). The cooler has thick, insulated bead-board walls and ceiling and contains both metal and wooden shelves, now used to store cooking utensils and supplies. A second door is placed on this east kitchen wall and provides access to an icebox that sits inside the cooler. (This icebox can be filled from an exterior door as well.) Next to the cooler a refrigerator is positioned in a narrow storage hallway. The first-floor bathroom is a small secondary space to the south of the store and it contains two hopper windows, an old porcelain corner sink, a toilet, a pay-washer, and exposed studs and ceiling. 7 Page 20 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State The third primary first floor space is the small store in the northeast corner of the building. While there is a door to the store located at the landing of the staircase and another at the back of the narrow hallway, neither is currently used and access to the store is only from the exterior. This rectilinear space measures approximately ten by twenty feet, with exposed ceiling joists (slanted) and interior walls, both of which are painted (photo14). The hardwood floor is painted. Two hopper windows are located next to the entry door, while a single two- over-two window sash is in the north wall. Open shelves are positioned against the north wall and a wooden counter is located in the northwest corner of the room. The west wall is finished with horizontal matchboard siding, and a door behind the counter leads into a narrow back compartment of the walk-in cooler. Another door on that wall accesses the storage hallway into the kitchen. The upper level of the Casino, referred to sometimes as the “Rec Hall” contains a large open room approximately 25’ 2” x 39’ 10”, along with two small, almost square rooms at the east end of the building, next to the staircase (photo 12). As with the room below, the Rec Hall has a hardwood floor, exposed (but unpainted) studs and sheathing, and flat stock trim around the windows. The rafters and the underside of the roof sheathing are also exposed, along with four sets of braced king post trusses that appear to provide lateral stability to the roof (photo 11). Steel pipes line some of the trusses to provide a fire sprinkler system. The south wall of the Rec Hall contains a four-light window that leads to the small dormer porch. Pendant fixtures provide lighting. In the north wall of the Rec Room is another stone and brick chimney and fireplace. The shallow firebox has a stone veneer, arched opening and two wooden mantels. The lower mantel is supported by stones laid in a row across the breadth of the stone façade and supported by wooden braces; the narrower upper mantel features only the wooden braces. Between the two mantels is a rough stone mosaic that appears to depict a vessel. Above the upper mantel the chimney is brick and features a geometric compass rose executed in brick. The two small rooms at the east end of the upper level are the same size, more or less, and each contains two windows on the east wall, and the corner room, the library, also has two windows facing south. They are separated from the Rec Hall and from each other by a vertical beadboard partition wall (photo 12). The northwest room has unpainted bead-board walls and ceiling, and an unfinished hard wood floor, while the southwest room (Library), has painted walls and a finished floor (photo 13). Used now for storage, the northwest room contains an interior room/closet with a raised floor. It appears that the same type of enclosure was once in the library, but the interior partition walls have been partially removed, making the raised floor more visually prominent. In 1924 the building was described as having “2 sleeping rooms”, and for the 12 years prior to that it had been a private residence. It is possible that the raised platforms provided space for plumbing and that one or each of the sleeping rooms also contained bathroom facilities. Alterations The Little Diamond Island Casino was constructed in 1909 as a restaurant, with a kitchen and store on the first floor, and a dance hall/dining space on the second floor. It is likely that the 8 Page 21 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State first-floor plan is unaltered, and that with the exception of refinishing floors and painting walls, the integrity of design, workmanship, and materials is relatively high. Associated with the building when it functioned as a restaurant was an aquarium, described as “ a cement walled tank, fifteen by twenty-five feet and six fee deep…built in front of the casino”, and a pound that contained live lobsters. Neither of these survive.3 The original configuration of the wharf vis-à-vis the Casino has also changed. As depicted in Figure 1, at the time the building was constructed in 1909 the wharf was directly in front of the Casino and the entrance to the building was a continuation of the axis of the elevated boardwalk. This configuration was altered sometime after 1980, at which time more of Shell Island was exposed. In 1912 the building was sold and converted to a private residence and used in that manner until it was sold to the Little Diamond Island Association in 1924 to again be used as a Casino and community space. There is no information about how the building was altered during that time, however, it is likely that the two second story rooms were added when the building was a private residence, and perhaps used then, or later, as bedrooms. In addition, it is believed that the family that ran the shop lived upstairs in the Casino and those spaces could have been added or altered by them.4 When they obtained their current function is also unknown. The west end of the kitchen was once a separate room, accessed by a door from the dining room, and used as a “First Aid” room. The partition between this room and the kitchen, and the door to the dining room, were removed when the building underwent some maintenance and freshening circa 1998. Figure 1. Postcard image of Little Diamond Island, Portland, c. 1909-1912. Postcard scan courtesy of the Maine Historic Preservation Commission, Augusta, Maine. 3 The Casino, 1909. 4 That the shop keeper’s family stayed in the upper rooms was mentioned by current members of the LDI Casino Association, but this activity has not been verified or dated. 9 Page 22 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Figure 1a. Postcard image of Little Diamond Island, Portland, c. 1909-1912. Postcard scan courtesy of the Maine Historic Preservation Commission, Augusta, Maine. 10 Page 23 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State 8. Statement of Significance Applicable National Register Criteria (Mark "x" in one or more boxes for the criteria qualifying the property for National Register listing.) A. Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. B. Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. C. Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. D. Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criteria Considerations (Mark “x” in all the boxes that apply.) A. Owned by a religious institution or used for religious purposes B. Removed from its original location C. A birthplace or grave D. A cemetery E. A reconstructed building, object, or structure F. A commemorative property G. Less than 50 years old or achieving significance within the past 50 years 11 Page 24 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Areas of Significance (Enter categories from instructions.) Architecture Entertainment/Recreation Social History Period of Significance 1909-1912 1924-1976 Significant Dates 1909 1924 Significant Person (Complete only if Criterion B is marked above.) N/A Cultural Affiliation N/A Architect/Builder not determined 12 Page 25 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Statement of Significance Summary Paragraph (Provide a summary paragraph that includes level of significance, applicable criteria, justification for the period of significance, and any applicable criteria considerations.) (Refer to photographs) The Little Diamond Island Casino is nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as a locally significant example of a type of community building that historically has, and currently is, the central focus of the social life of the inhabitants of this small island in Portland, Cumberland County, Maine. Built in 1909 by developer Charles “Windy” Brown as a restaurant and small store to anchor a nascent summer cottage development on the island, the Casino has served as the community hall, meeting hall, and entertainment venue since 1924. The two-story wood framed building is located on Shell Island, a rocky protuberance of ledge and boulders, and is connected to Little Diamond Island via the public pier. As befits its location, the building features a wrap-around porch/veranda, and multiple windows on all sides to take in the view. The low-slung hip roof of the shingled building serves to shield the interior from the sun and to visually lower its profile. While firm architectural attribution is unknown, the building falls into a stylistic and design category of buildings built for similar functions throughout seaside summer colonies and resorts, and along Maine’s many interior lakes. The Little Diamond Island Casino is significant under Criterion A for social history and as a site for entertainment and recreation, and it is also significant under Criterion C, architecture, as a type of building erected at the turn of the twentieth century in a specific context. The period of significance is 1909-1912 and 1924 – 1975 (fifty years before the present). Narrative Statement of Significance (Provide at least one paragraph for each area of significance.) Architecture The Little Diamond Island Casino (LDI Casino or Casino) is significant under Criterion C as a locally significant type of designed recreational building. Constructed initially in 1909 the Casino belongs to a class of buildings erected in the last decades of the 19th century and the first two decades of the 20th century to provide locales for entertainment and social congregation associated with tourism activities. These buildings were frequently constructed in planned or unplanned summer communities/resorts/associations either on the ocean or along one of Maine’s many lakes.5 Some functioned as clubhouses, others as yacht clubs, while others were dance halls and restaurants. Many were designed by architects, including Frederick A. Tompson, George M. Coombs and John Calvin Stevens, but others mimicked these known commissions and were erected by local contractors. They were designed in the popular styles of the day - Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Shingle - or incorporated features or motifs of these styles as well as those of the Late Victorian era (Queen Anne) and Prairie School, and others. Many were erected by developers or land development companies as amenities complimenting the sale of cottage or camp lots in a summer resort or private 5 A similar, related, class of buildings sharing many of the same design and functional characteristics were erected in in-land locations and were erected as club houses associated with golf courses. 13 Page 26 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State community. Others were erected as destinations at the hands of rail, trolley or ferry companies to promote use of their conveyances. While their functions varied slightly, they were a regionally distinct type of building that was instantly recognizable, and also distinct from the geographically associated residential, commercial and civic buildings. Regardless of the organization, stylistic or situational differences, these buildings shared common characteristics. They were located either at the edge of the water, or immediately adjacent to it, with associated piers, docks or causeways. At the core of the building there was at least one large hall with a fireplace (usually on the first floor), as well as service spaces such as kitchens or bathrooms. Second story spaces may have included secondary halls or recreation rooms, sleeping chambers, offices, or storage rooms. Depending on the nature of the organization, libraries, stores and shops, or meeting rooms may also have been included. Interior finishes were often plain, featuring beadboard, wainscot or painted walls, with open and exposed structural members. On the exterior the buildings featured a wide, first-story porch or veranda on at least one, if not all, elevations, and sometimes covered balconies or porches on the upper floors. Windows to take advantage of the views or the breezes were plentiful, as were doors to the porches. In especially windy areas, including islands and shorelines, rooflines tended to be low and broad and uncomplicated. And while fireplaces or furnaces were installed, many of the buildings were used only seasonally and shut down in the freezing weather. On Little Diamond Island the Casino is a classic example of the type. Its location is adjacent (over) the water and located next to a beach and wharf. The building features a low sloping roof, wraparound porch, and extensive banks of windows. On the first floor of the interior is a large hall used for gatherings, dances, performances, dinners, teas, meetings and a weekly Saturday Night Supper. Adjacent to the hall is a large kitchen to service the events. Upstairs a second gathering space has served as a recreation room and meeting spaces. Two small rooms have served as bedrooms or bathroom and now function as a storage room and library. There are several examples of this building type in the immediate vicinity of the Casino on Little Diamond Island. On Peaks Island, which has both a year-round and a summer community, is the Greenwood Garden Playhouse, 1909 (NR 100006989), the Fifth Maine Regiment, 1888 (NR 78000169) the Eighth Maine Regiment, 1891 (NR 06000919), and the Trefethen-Evergreen Improvement Association clubhouse (Dayburn Casino), 1914 (NR 100010086), all of which are extant. Further afield, there was in Cape Elizabeth, the Cape Cottage Casino, 1899 (John Calvin Stevens, architect, heavily altered), and another at Riverton Park, 1896 (Figure 2, destroyed), both developed by and accessed by street railroad companies, as was the Casino at Merrymeeting Park in Brunswick, c. 1898 (Figure 3, destroyed). Other summer island communities also designed similar halls and casinos, including one on Squirrel Island in Boothbay Harbor designed by George M. Coombs, 1890 (destroyed), and one that serves as a Yacht Club on North Haven Island, 1912 (extant). The Androscoggin Yacht Club in Wayne, 1912 (Figure 4, extant, NR 12000893) was built on a lake as was the Casino in Naples, 1902 (extant), and the Center Harbor Yacht Club in Brooklin was built on the ocean in 1912 (Figure 5, extant). The LDI Casino, built in 1909, is an example of this building type. Numerous other examples exist throughout the state but as of yet a complete inventory has not been undertaken to identify the extent of this building type. 14 Page 27 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State However, each Casino, or clubhouse, serves a very localized population and it is within this context that the buildings obtain architectural significance. Figure 2. Riverton Casino, Portland, Maine, 1896. https://www.mainememory.net/record/12165 Figure 3. Merrymeeting Casino, Brunswick, Maine,1898. https://www.mainememory.net/record/12150 15 Page 28 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Figure 4. Androscoggin Yacht Club, Wayne, Maine, 1912 https://www.aycwayne.org/ Figure 5. Center Harbor Yacht Club, Brooklin, Maine, 1912. https://www.chycinfo.com/ The architect of the original building on Little Diamond Island is not known, but according to tradition, the Portland architect John Calvin Stevens was involved in the design of the building. Although no plans have been found, there are reasons to consider this attribution to be likely. The first is that Stevens was retained by the Casino’s developer George W. Brown, to design cottages for the island residents, as stated in Brown’s 1908 prospectus/souvenir. Mr. John Calvin Stevens, one of the leading and acknowledged best architects in New England, has been engaged as consulting and supervising architect and will 16 Page 29 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State make plans for cottages appropriate and designed particularly for each location so that the harmony of the one great whole shall be conserved.6 Stevens worked on the design of five or six cottages for summer residents on Little Diamond Island between 1883 and 1885. Unfortunately, other than one sketch, plans for these cottages, or any of the cottages designed after 1908, have not survived, and only two cottages can be firmly attributed to Stevens. The second reason that Stevens may have been at least partially responsible for the design of the Casino is that he did the watercolor painting on which the Birds’ Eye View of the development was based. This painting was published in the Souvenir of Little Diamond Island in 1908 and in that view the Casino is depicted as it was later built. Entertainment and Recreation While these buildings (and many others across the state) share structural and design characteristics they also share important entertainment and recreational functions. In general, the target audiences for these buildings broke down into two groups: those who traveled to the buildings for a day of entertainment and recreation, and those for whom the casino was part of their community infrastructure. Of the first examples are the casinos associated with amusement parks, trolley lines or resort towns, including the Cape Casino, Riverton Park Casino, Merrymeeting Park Casino, and the Casino in Naples. These buildings provided live entertainment, dining, spaces for smoking, reading or game playing, and often dancing, and they tended to be larger more elaborate designs. In contrast, the second group of buildings, including the three Yacht Clubs previously mentioned, the buildings on Peaks Island, and the Squirrel Island Casino and Hall, were smaller and simpler in design, and served a specific community – boaters, Civil War Veterans, or residents of a community. Almost without variation the buildings were designed for use during the summer months, when people were on vacation, or staying at their nearby summer cottages. Indeed, the Casino on Little Diamond Island included a restaurant to serve “shore dinners”, as part of the development of the cottage community on the island. The target audience for these dinners initially was both island residents and day visitors.7 Later, however, the audience shifted to the residents of the summer cottages. In 2008, in recognition of the Casino’s 100th Anniversary, two local historians compiled “The History of Little Diamond Island”. This volume, and its subsequent updates, chronicles the ownership of the cottages and the events and general activities of the island by decades. In each decade the activities listed at the Casino included suppers, card games, meetings of the women’s club, dances or plays or films, lectures, and special events, such as weddings, family reunions, fairs and auctions. Although the specific activities have varied with the cultural and social trends, the Casino is significant within this context as both the only meeting place on the island and the place where everyone meets for activities, entertainment and recreation. 6 George W. Brown, Little Diamond Island. Smith & Sale, Portland, Me, 1908, p. 5. 7 Utilizing both the downstairs and upstairs halls, and the verandas, it was advertised that 250 shore dinners could be served at once by the restaurant. “The Casino” in Casco Bay Breeze, June 24, 1909, Portland, Maine, p. 1. 17 Page 30 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Social History The LDI Casino is significant in the area of Social History for its association with the development of the seasonal community on Little Diamond Island and as a building that supports the activities and reinforces social bonds of the members of that community. In the first context, the Casino was conceived of as an important asset within an intentional community developed by a real estate agency, a trend that was common in the later nineteenth and early twentieth century. In the second context it provided the focal point for events, traditions, and organizations that helped define the social aspect of the island’s summer community. For decades urban dwellers had been spending summers in Maine’s resort communities, building cottages or frequenting inns and hotels, establishing private colonies on the beach or on offshore islands, or visiting sporting camps in the Maine woods. By the end of the 19 th century towns like Bar Harbor and Kennebunkport were built out with ostentatious cottages often owned by America’s wealthiest families, while other communities like Peaks Island and Old Orchard Beach offered up casinos, dance halls, and skating rinks for their visitors. Yet in other quieter places, on small harbors or peninsulas or islands, real estate developers bought land to plat summer cottage or camp or cabin communities. In general, these communities consisted of numerous medium-to-small building lots, a series of streets or lanes, and a modicum of infrastructure (water, dock or ferry, gas or later electricity). At the center of the communities were the natural resources (views, beaches, ponds, hills) and the social resources (a chapel, a store, a hall, a fire shed, a hotel). Some cottage communities attracted family groups, others drew people from one town or another, and yet others were bound by common histories, professions, universities, or religions. Some cottage communities targeted middle class families, others looked for “the better sort” or excluded various classes of people. Once the summer colony was established it formed its own group, with traditions, shared experiences and social connections that extended beyond the locale and the summer season. These social summer communities did not really develop organically, the buildings, the entertainment and leisure, and the social constructs were planned, marketed and sold starting in the decades after the Civil War. The early, post-contact history of Little Diamond Island included limited farming and grazing. Fishermen also used the island, salt was made there and fish were cured there. Prior to the Civil War the island was owned by a single family, with a light house and buoy station set on the island in 1875. In 1880 the island was divided roughly in half with the eastern half sold to Bishop James Healy and the western half sold to Elizabeth and Abiel Smith. The latter couple initially erected a cottage for themselves and as many as 16 rental cottages on the high point of land facing the harbor. In addition, they served meals at one of the cottages, erected an icehouse, a landing and a bath house. According to one of the histories of the island compiled in “The Casino’s 100th Anniversary 1908-2008”, a social cottage, named the Macao Club, was built on an inland parcel. In 1907 the Smiths started selling off lots, and the following year George W. Brown and the Maine Coast Realty Company purchased 35 acres and laid out a plan for a cottage community of 107 lots at the southwest 18 Page 31 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State end of the island.8 Nineteen cottages already existed, eleven of which were acquired by Brown, and three more were built during the first season. That same year Brown published a “Souvenir” of Little Diamond Island that extolled the island’s virtues and advertised his real estate development. The following excerpts from that publication typify the inducements of the developers of this period. Less than two miles from the city it commands a most charming panorama, including, besides the beautiful landscape, all the movements upon the waters of the bay. In addition to pure air and pure water, there are excellent facilities for boating and fishing, which with its hourly connection with the city, make it acharming [sic] outing retreat.9 …And besides all these advantages, one of the most desirable features of the situation is its entire isolation from all intrusion from uninvited and unwelcome guests, being in that unique position where all that is going on around can be plainly seen, without the discomfort and annoyance of uninvited guests, a most desirable feature of a restful summer resort. The southerly half of this beautiful island has recently (March, 1908) come into new hands and is being developed into a high class and exclusive summer residential colony… A new water system for Little Diamond Island is one of the great features of the present development… A reservoir of 30,000 gallons capacity has been erected on Sunset Rock Hill at an elevation sufficient to put water into the second story of every house on the island… Sewers of ample capacity to care for every lot on the property have been provided…. The Little Diamond Island population has always been and will continue to be, of the islands of Casco Bay, one of the most exclusive and select. Undesirable citizens have not welcome waiting for them here and only those able to furnish satisfactory references are allowed to become owners of lots… Mr. John Calvin Stevens, one of the leading and acknowledged best architects in New England, has been engaged as consulting and supervising architect and will make plans for cottages appropriate and designed particularly for each location so that the harmony of the one great whole shall be conserved. To the first twenty purchasers of lots within one year that will build a cottage of from $1500 to $5000 in value, will be given a set of architect’s plans free of charge.10 8 The deeds for the land and cottage sales were executed between Elizabeth W. Smith and George W. Brown and/or the Maine Coast Realty Company in 1908. The Casino was not completed and opened until July of 1909. 9 George H. Haynes, The Island & Shore Gems of Beautiful Casco Bay, as quoted in George W. Brown, Little Diamond Island (Portland: Smith & Sale, 1908), p 3. 10 Brown, pp 3,5. 19 Page 32 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State After noting that the contract for a gas plant had been executed, Brown then turns to the Casino. Here, shore dinners will be served. This question is one that has perhaps been most often asked by the thousands visiting Portland every year: “Why is it there is no place where a specially served first class fish dinner can be obtained without a journey of twenty or thirty miles at a cost of two or three dollars?...The plan here is to cater only to the finest trade. Regular shore dinners will be served or you can be supplied on the European plan from a regular bill of fare. Fish and lobsters (alive and immediately out of the water) will be furnished for the tables. The action of the company in erecting a new pier and casino on Little Diamond Island is not to be understood as a movement in the direction of a pleasure and amusement resort for such is not to be the case. Little Diamond has been a summer residence for a large number of Portland families who go there for rest and that it shall continue to be such is the plan of the new management. The old hall has become antiquated and it is necessary that a better and more up-to-date meeting place should be provided for the use for the residents and their friends for social entertainments, services, etc. This assembly hall in the second story of the casino has been provided for this purpose…The first story of the casino is to be used as a restaurant of a high order and in keeping with the traditions of the island.11 While the master plan included selling lots, directing the aesthetics of the island with well- designed cottages, new roads, and planting maple trees, the endeavor was more extensive. “Besides the Casino (restaurant) there was an aquarium in front of the Casino, from which guests could choose fish for their dinner. Part of the cove near the casino was walled off and warmed seawater was pumped in., a bathhouse with a rooftop sitting area was also built and a steamboat pier, freight sheds, and a lobster pound completed the complex.”12 Unfortunately, the complex never obtained the traffic from Portland and other islands that Brown’s Maine Coast Realty needed to succeed, and the development floundered. In 1912 he abandoned the project. He entered into an agreement with the newly formed Little Diamond Island Association to take over the real estate except for the Casino, which he sold to Mildred S. Keating who converted the restaurant and hall into a private residence. The deed to Keating stated that “[t]he casino is to be made over into a family cottage and is to be discontinued as a Casino from this date and not to be again used for that purpose.” 13 11 Brown, pp 9-10. 12 Hal Hackett, “A Brief History of Little Diamond Island Information” in Jessie Stuart and Hal Hackett, The Casino’s 100th Anniversary 1908-2008, (Little Diamond Island Association, 2008), p. 91. 13 Cumberland County Registry of Deeds, Portland, Maine, Book 902, page 110, October 8, 2012. The traditional history is that Major John B. Keating, British Vice Consul, purchased the house in 1912, but it was actually sold to his daughter, Mildred, who was about 19 at the time, and had been born in Massachusetts. She sold it to her father in 1919, (book 1013 page 428) and six months later he sold it to Allen and Perkins, a real estate company (book1028 page 391). Allens and Perkins subsequently sold it to Rosemont Reality Co (book 1031, page 470), they sold it to Nellie Bigelow (book 1060, page 198), who sold it to Fred Draper in 1923 (book 1143, page 468). Fred Draper sold the building to the Little Diamond Island 20 Page 33 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State As mentioned in Section 7 the Casino was, to some extent, remodeled or refunctioned to use as a summer cottage for the next twelve years, but by 1924 the Macao House, which had been used for social gatherings, was no longer adequate for that purpose and the Little Diamond Island Association purchased the Casino to once again be used as the social center of the island. According to tradition the building was restored to its original condition and configuration. The LDI Casino is a clubhouse, a meeting place and a hub of activity serving a particular population – the residents of LDI. It is owned by the Little Diamond Island Association and is exclusive in the sense that to be a member, or hold a share, you must own a cottage on the island. This limits participation to a select group and their families, and the History of Little Diamond Island by Jessie Stuart and Hall Hackett record, decade by decade, the traditions like the Labor Day Clam Bake and Fourth of July events and the Saturday Night Suppers that bind island families together. The history also records the births, deaths, engagements and weddings, as well as special events and committees that brought the islanders together and which were celebrated at the Casino. These are the shared histories that create, to this day, a sense of place to this small island cottage community, and the Casino is the locus for this social history. Developmental history/additional historic context information (If appropriate.) 9. Major Bibliographical References Bibliography (Cite the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.) Brown, George W. 1908. Little Diamond Island. Portland: Smith & Sale. Harris, Harlowe. 1844. "The Portland Directory for the year 1844." Portland Directories. Stuart, Jessie, and Hal Hackett. 2008. The Casino's 100th Anniversary 1908-2008. Little Diamond Island Association. 1909. "The Casino." Casco Bay Breeze. Portland, Maine, June 24. 1. Previous documentation on file (NPS): Association on June 6, 2024, (book 1171, page 205) and the mortgage was cleared in 1929. All deed references are to the Cumberland County Registry of Deeds, Portland, Maine. 21 Page 34 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State preliminary determination of individual listing (36 CFR 67) has been requested previously listed in the National Register previously determined eligible by the National Register designated a National Historic Landmark recorded by Historic American Buildings Survey # recorded by Historic American Engineering Record # recorded by Historic American Landscape Survey # Primary location of additional data: State Historic Preservation Office Other State agency Federal agency Local government University Other Name of repository: Historic Resources Survey Number (if assigned): 357-0926 10. Geographical Data Acreage of Property Less than one acre. Use either the UTM system or latitude/longitude coordinates Latitude/Longitude Coordinates Datum if other than WGS84: (enter coordinates to 6 decimal places) 1. Latitude: Longitude: 2. Latitude: Longitude: 3. Latitude: Longitude: 4. Latitude: Longitude: Or UTM References Datum (indicated on USGS map): 22 Page 35 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State NAD 1927 or NAD 1983 1. Zone: 19 Easting: 402428.54 Northing: 4835174.29 2. Zone: Easting: Northing: 3. Zone: Easting: Northing: 4. Zone: Easting: Northing: Verbal Boundary Description (Describe the boundaries of the property.) The boundaries of the nominated property conform to the City of Portland tax map 105 Lot Q027001. The lot encompasses the footprint of the building, and a small portion of the grass covered ledge southeast of the building. It does not include the wharf or the access deck at the northwest side of the building. Boundary Justification (Explain why the boundaries were selected.) The selected boundaries conform to the property deed from Fred D. Draper to the Little Diamond Island Association, Cumberland County, Maine Registry of Deeds, Book 1171 page 205, 1924 and this is the extent of the property historically directly associated with the Casino. 11. Form Prepared By name/title: Christi Chapman-Mitchell organization: Throughlines Historic Research and Consulting street & number: 251 Head Tide Road city or town: Whitefield state: Maine zip code: 04353 e-mail: ThroughlinesMaine@outlook.com telephone: 207.458.6745 date: 29 January 2026 Additional Documentation Submit the following items with the completed form: 23 Page 36 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State • Maps: A USGS map or equivalent (7.5 or 15 minute series) indicating the property's location. • Sketch map for historic districts and properties having large acreage or numerous resources. Key all photographs to this map. • Additional items: (Check with the SHPO, TPO, or FPO for any additional items.) Photographs Submit clear and descriptive photographs. The size of each image must be 1600x1200 pixels (minimum), 3000x2000 preferred, at 300 ppi (pixels per inch) or larger. Key all photographs to the sketch map. Each photograph must be numbered and that number must correspond to the photograph number on the photo log. For simplicity, the name of the photographer, photo date, etc. may be listed once on the photograph log and doesn’t need to be labeled on every photograph. Photo Log Name of Property: Little Diamond Island Casino City or Vicinity: Portland County: Cumberland State: Maine Photographer: Martha Mickles Date Photographed: October 6 – 20, 2025 Description of Photograph(s) and number, include description of view indicating direction of camera: 1 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0001.TIF Little Diamond Island Casino, Shell Island and Little Diamond Island wharf; facing northeast. 2 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0002.TIF South facade of Little Diamond Island Casino and Shell Island; facing north. 3 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0003.TIF East elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing west. 24 Page 37 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State 4 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0004.TIF North elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing south. 5 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0005.TIF West elevation of Little Diamond Island Casino; facing east 6 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0006.TIF Interior, first floor dining room; facing northwest. 7 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0007.TIF Interior, first floor chimney stack and fireplace; facing north. 8 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0008.TIF Interior, first floor staircase and from left door to store, door to bathroom, and exterior door to east side; facing northeast. 9 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0009.TIF Interior, kitchen; facing west. 10 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0010.TIF Interior of kitchen, and from left exterior door to north side, ice box door, walk-in cooler door, storage area; facing east. 11 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0011.TIF Second floor, roof framing; facing west. 12 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0012.TIF Second floor hall/Rec Room, and from left stairs to first floor, door to storage room, and door to library; facing northeast. 13 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0013.TIF Second floor, library; facing southeast. Note raised floor at left. 14 of 14 ME_CUMBERLAND COUNTY_LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO_0014.TIF Interior, first floor, store, with door to staircase on left and blocked door to storage on right; facing southwest. Paperwork Reduction Act Statement: This information is being collected for applications to the National Register of Historic Places to nominate properties for listing or determine eligibility for listing, to list properties, and to amend existing listings. Response to this request is required to obtain a benefit in accordance with the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended (16 U.S.C.460 et seq.). Estimated Burden Statement: Public reporting burden for this form is estimated to average 100 hours per response including time for reviewing instructions, gathering and maintaining data, and completing and reviewing the form. Direct comments regarding this burden estimate or any aspect of this form to the Office of Planning and Performance Management. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, 1849 C. Street, NW, Washington, DC. 25 Page 38 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State 26 Page 39 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2012) LITTLE DIAMOND ISLAND CASINO CUMBERLAND COUNTY, MAINE Name of Property County and State Figure 1 Section of City of Portland GIS map with the nominated property boundary in red 27 Page 40 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 1 2 Page 41 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 3 4 Page 42 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 5 6 Page 43 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 7 8 Page 44 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 9 10 Page 45 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 11 12 Page 46 National Register Nomination Photographs: Little Diamond Island Casino, Cumberland County, Maine 13 14 Page 47 NATIONAL REGISTER BULLETIN Technical information on the the National Register of Historic Places: survey, evaluation, registration, and preservation of cultural resources U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Cultural Resources National Register, History and Education How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation Page 48 The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provide access to our Nation's natural and cultural heritage and honor our trust responsibilities to tribes. The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world. This material is partially based upon work conducted under a cooperative agreement with the National Conference ofState Historic Preservation Officers and the U.S. Department of the Interior. Date of publication: 1990; revised 1991, 1995, 1997. Revised for Internet 1995. Cover (Top Left) Criterion B - Frederick Douglass Home, Washington, D.C. From 1877- 1899, this was the home of Frederick Douglass, the former slave who rose to become a prominent author, abolitionist, editor, orator, and diplomat. (Walter Smalling, Jr.) (Top Right) Criterion D - Francis Canyon Ruin, Blanco vicinity, Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. A fortified village site composed of 40 masonry-walled rooms arranged in a cluster of four house blocks. Constructed ca. 1716-1742 for protection against raiding Utes and Comanches, the site has information potential related to Na- vajo, Pueblo, and Spanish cultures. (Jon Samuelson) (Bottom Left) Criterion C - Bridge in Cherrytree Township, Venago County, Pennsylvania. Built in 1882, this Pratt through truss bridge is significant for engi- neering as a well preserved example of a type of bridge frequently used in northwestern Pennsylvania in the late 19th century. (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation) (Bottom Right) Criterion A - Main Street/Market Square Historic District, Houston, Harris County, Texas. Until well into the 20th century this district marked the bounds of public and business life in Houston. Constructed between the 1870s and 1920s, the district includes Houston's municipal and county buildings, and served as the city's wholesale, retail, and financial center. (Paul Hester) Page 49 PREFACE Preserving historic properties as cant in our prehistory and history. It should be used by anyone who important reflections of our American These properties represent the major must decide if a particular property heritage became a national policy patterns of our shared local, S_tate, qualifies for the National Register of through passage of the Antiquities and national experience. To guide the Historic Places. Act of 1906, the Historic Sites Act of selection of properties included in the Listing properties in the National 1935, and the National Historic Pres- National Register, the National Park Register is an important step in a na- ervation Act of 1966, as amended. Service has developed the National tionwide preservation process. The The Historic Sites Act authorized the Register Criteria for Evaluation. responsibility for the identification, Secretary of the Interior to identify These criteria are standards by which initial evaluation, nomination, and and recognize properties of national every property that is nominated to treatment of historic resources lies significance (National Historic Land- the National Register is judged. In with private individuals, State historic marks) in United States history and addition, the National Park Service preservation offices, and Federal pres- archeology. The National Historic has developed criteria for the recogni- ervation offices, local governments, Preservation Act of 1966 authorized tion of nationally significant proper- and Indian tribes. The final evalua- the Secretary to expand this recogni- ties, which are designated National tion and listing of properties in the tion to properties of local and State Historic Landmarks and prehistoric National Register is the responsibility significance in American history, ar- and historic units of the National Park of the Keeper of the National Register. chitecture, archeology, engineering, System. Both these sets of criteria This bulletin was prepared by staff and culture, and worthy of preserva- were developed to be consistent with of the National Register Branch, Inter- tion. The National Register of His- the Secretary of the Interior's Stan- agency Resources Division, National toric Places is the official list of these dards and Guidelinesfor Archeology and Park Service, with the assistance of the recognized properties, and is main- Historic Preservation, which are uni- History Division. It was originally is- tained and expanded by the National form, national standards for preserva- sued in draft form in 1982. The draft Park Service on behalf of the Secretary tion activities. 2 was revised into final form by Patrick of the Interior. 1 This publication explains how the W. Andrus, Historian, National Regis- The National Register of Historic National Park Service applies these ter, and edited by Rebecca H. Places documents the appearance and criteria in evaluating the wide range Shrimpton, Consulting Historian. importance of districts, sites, build- of properties that may be significant Beth L. Savage, National Register ings, structures, and objects signifi- in local, State, and national history. and Sarah Dillard Pope, National Reg- ister, NCSHPO coordinated the latest revision of this bulletin. Antionette J. Lee, Tanya Gossett, and Kira Badamo coordinated earlier revisions. 1Properties listed in the National Register receive limited Federal protection and certain benefits. For more information concerning the effects of listing, and how the National Register may be used by the general public and Certified Local Governments, as well as by local, State, and Federal agencies, and for copies of National Register Bulletins, contact the National Park Service, National Register, 1849 C Street, NW, NC400, Washington, D.C., 20240. Information may also be obtained by visiting the National Register Web site at www.cr.nps.gov/nr or by contacting any of the historic preservat10n offices m the States and territories. 'The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation are found in the Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190 (Thursday, September 29, 1983). A copy can be obtained by writing the National Park Service, Heritage Preservation Services (at the address above). Page 50 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface .......................................................................................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 II. National Register Criteria for Evaluation ............................................................................................................................. 2 III. How to Use this Bulletin to Evaluate a Property ................................................................................................................. 3 IV. How to Define Categories of Historic Properties ................................................................................................................ 4 Building .........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Structure ........................................................................................................................................................................................4 Object .........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Site .........................................................................................................................................................................................5 District .........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Concentration, Linkage, & Continuity of Features ........................................................................................................5 Significance ..........................................................................................................................................................................5 Types of Features ................................................................................................................................................................5 g~;~~{i;~~~s 8 ~¥s~~~;!~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: V. How to Evaluate a Property Within its Historfc Context ................................................................................................... 7 Understanding Historic Contexts .............................................................................................................................................7 How to Evaluate a Property Within Its Historic Context .....................................................................................................7 Properties Significant Within More Than on Historic Context ...................................................................................9 Comparing Related Properties ..........................................................................................................................................9 Local, State, and National Historic Contexts ..........................................................................................................................9 VI. How to Identify the Type of Significance of a Property .................................................................................................. 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................11 Criterion A: Event .....................................................................................................................................................................12 Understanding Criterion A .............................................................................................................................................12 Jy~! ~~t:!~~s~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Association of the Property with the Events .........................................................................................................12 Significance of the Association ................................................................................................................................12 Traditional Cultural Values .....................................................................................................................................13 Criterion B: Person ...................................................................................................................................................................14 Comparison to Related Properties ..........................................................................................................................15 Association with Groups ..........................................................................................................................................15 Association with Living Persons .............................................................................................................................16 Association with Architects/ Artisans ....................................................................................................................16 Native American Sites ...............................................................................................................................................16 ii Page 51  Distinctive Characteristics of Type, Period, and Method of Construction .............................................................. 18 Historic Adaptation of the Original Property .............................................................................................................. 19 Works of a Master ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 Properties Possessing High Artistic Values .................................................................................................................. 20 Criterion D: Information Potential ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Understanding Criterion D ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Applying Criterion D ........................................................................................................................................................... 21 Archeological Sites ..................................................................................................................................................... 21 Buildings, Structures, and Objects .......................................................................................................................... 21 Association with Human Activity .......................................................................................................................... 22 Establishing a Historic Context ............................................................................................................................... 22 Developing Research Questions .............................................................................................................................. 22 Establishing the Presence of Adequate Data ......................................................................................................... 23 Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Partly Excavated or Disturbed Properties ............................................................................................................. 23 Completely Excavated Sites ..................................................................................................................................... 24 VII. How to Apply the Criteria Considerations ......................................................................................................................... 25 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 25 Criteria Consideration A: Religious Properties ................................................................................................................... 26 Understanding Criteria Consideration A ...................................................................................................................... 26 Applying Criteria Consideration A ............................................................................................................................... 26 Eligibility for Historic Events .................................................................................................................................. 26 Eligibility for Historic Persons ................................................................................................................................. 27 Eligibility for Architectural or Artistic Distinction .............................................................................................. 28 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 28 Ability to Reflect Historic Associations .................................................................................................................. 28 Criteria Consideration B: Moved Properties ........................................................................................................................ 29 Understanding Criteria Consideration B ...................................................................................................................... 29 Applying Criteria Consideration B ................................................................................................................................ 29 Eligibility for Architectural Value ........................................................................................................................... 29 Eligibility for Historic Associations ........................................................................................................................ 30 Setting and Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Association Dependent on the Site ......................................................................................................................... 30 Properties Designed to Be Moved ........................................................................................................................... 31 Artificially Created Groupings ................................................................................................................................ 31 Portions of Properties ................................................................................................................................................ 31 Criteria Consideration C: Birthplaces and Graves .............................................................................................................. 32 Understanding Criteria Consideration C ...................................................................................................................... 32 Applying Criteria Consideration C ................................................................................................................................ 32 Persons of Outstanding Importance ....................................................................................................................... 32 Last Surviving Property Associated with a Person .............................................................................................. 32 Eligibility for Other Associations ............................................................................................................................ 33 Criteria Consideration D: Cemeteries ................................................................................................................................... 34 Understanding Criteria Consideration D ...................................................................................................................... 34 Applying Criteria Consideration D ............................................................................................................................... 34 Persons of Transcendent Importance ..................................................................................................................... 34 Eligibility on the Basis of Age .................................................................................................................................. 35 Eligibility for Design ................................................................................................................................................. 35 Eligibility for Association with Events ................................................................................................................... 35 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 35 Integrity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36 National Cemeteries .................................................................................................................................................. 36 Criteria Consideration E: Reconstructed Properties ........................................................................................................... 37 Understanding Criteria Consideration E ...................................................................................................................... 37 Applying Criteria Consideration E ................................................................................................................................ 37 Accuracy of the Reconstruction ............................................................................................................................... 37 Suitable Environment ................................................................................................................................................ 37 Restoration Master Plans .......................................................................................................................................... 38 Page 52 111  Last Surviving Property of a Type ............................................................................................................................... 38 Reconstructions Older than Fifty Years ....................................................................................................................... 38 Criteria Consideration F: Commemorative Properties ...................................................................................................... 39 Understanding Criteria Consideration F .......................................................................................................................... 39 Applying Criteria Consideration F .................................................................................................................................... 39 Eligibility for Design ................................................................................................................................................. 39 Eligibility for Age, Tradition, or Symbolic Value ................................................................................................. 40 Ineligibility as the Last Representative of an Event or Person ........................................................................... 40 Criteria Consideration G: Properties that Have Achieved Significance Within the Past Fifty Years ........................ 41 Understanding Criteria Consideration G ......................................................................................................................... 41 Applying Criteria Consideration G ................................................................................................................................... 42 Eligibility for Exceptional Importance ................................................................................................................... 42 Historical Perspective ................................................................................................................................................ 42 National Park Service Rustic Architecture ............................................................................................................ 42 Veterans Administration Hospitals ........................................................................................................................ 42 Comparison with Related Properties ..................................................................................................................... 42 World War II Properties ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Eligibility for Information Potential ....................................................................................................................... 43 Historic Districts ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 Properties Over Fifty Years in Age, Under Fifty Years in Significance ............................................................ 43 Requirement to Meet the Criteria, Regardless of Age ......................................................................................... 43 VIII. How to Evaluate the Integrity of a Property .............................................................................................................. 44 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Understanding the Aspects of Integrity ........................................................................................................................ 44 Location ....................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Design .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Setting .......................................................................................................................................................................... 44 Materials ...................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Workmanship ............................................................................................................................................................. 45 Feeling .......................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Association .................................................................................................................................................................. 45 Assessing Integrity in Properties .................................................................................................................................... 45 Defining the Essential Physical Features ............................................................................................................... 46 Visibility of the Physical Features ........................................................................................................................... 46 Comparing Similar Properties ................................................................................................................................. 47 Determining the Relevant Aspects of Integrity .................................................................................................... 48 IX. Summary of the National Historic Landmarks Criteria for Evaluation ............................................................... 50 X. Glossary .............................................................................................................................................................................. 53 XI. List of National Register Bulletins ............................................................................................................................... 54 iv Page 53 I. INTRODUCTION The National Register is the historic contexts. Detailed guidance • Expecting to nominate a property nation's inventory of historic places for developing and applying historic as a National Historic Landmark and the national repository of docu- contexts is contained in National Reg- in addition to nominating it to mentation on the variety of historic ister Bulletin: How to Complete the Na- the National Register. property types, significance, abun- tional Register Registration Form and dance, condition, ownership, needs, National Register Bulletin: How to Com- and other information. It is the begin- plete the National Register Multiple This bulletin also contains a sum- ning of a national census of historic Property Documentation Form ) mary of the National Historic Land- properties. The National Register Cri- The guidelines provided here are marks Criteria for Evaluation (see teria for Evaluation define the scope intended to help you understand the Part IX). National Historic Land- of the National Register of Historic National Park Service's use of the Cri- marks are those districts, sites, build- Places; they identify the range of re- teria for Evaluation, historic contexts, ings, structures, and objects desig- sources and kinds of significance that integrity, and Criteria Considerations, nated by the Secretary of the Interior will qualify properties for listing in and how they apply to properties un- as possessing national significance in the National Register. The Criteria der consideration for listing in the American history, architecture, arche- are written broadly to recognize the National Register. Examples are pro- ology, engineering, and culture .. Al- wide variety of historic properties as- vided throughout, illustrating specific though National Register documenta- sociated with our prehistory and his- circumstances in which properties are tion includes a recommendation tory. and are not eligible for the National about whether a property is signifi- Decisions concerning the signifi- Register. This bulletin should be used cant at the local, State, or national cance, historic integrity, documenta- by anyone who is: level, the only official designation of tion, and treatment of properties can national significance is as a result of be made reliably only when the re- • Preparing to nominate a property National Historic Landmark designa- source is evaluated within its historic to the National Register, tion by the Secretary of the Interior, context. The historic context serves as National Monument designation by • Seeking a determination of a the President of the United States, or the framework within which the Na- property's eligibility, establishment as a unit of the National tional Register Criteria are applied to specific properties or property types. • Evaluating the comparable sig- Park System by Congress. These (See Part V for a brief discussion of nificance of a property to those properties are automatically listed in listed in the National Register, or the National Register. Page 54 1 II. THE NATIONAL REGISTERCRITERIAFOR EVALUATION c. A birthplace or grave of a historical CRITERIA FOR CRITERIA figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate site or EVALUATION: 3 CONSIDERATIONS: building directly associated with his or her productive life; or The quality of significance in Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, d A cemetery which derives its American history, architecture, arche- or graves of historical figures, proper- primary significance from graves ology, engineering, and culture is ties owned by religious institutions or of persons of transcendent impor- present in districts, sites, buildings, used for religious purposes, structures tance, from age, from distinctive structures, and objects that possess in- that have been moved from their design features, or from association tegrity of location, design, setting, ma- original locations, reconstructed his- with historic events; or terials, workmanship, feeling, and as- toric buildings, properties primarily sociation, and: commemorative in nature, and prop- e. A reconstructed building when erties that have achieved significance accuratelv executed in a suitable A. That are associated with events that within the past 50 years shall not be environ~ent and presented in a have made a significant contribu- considered eligible for the National dignified manner as part of a tion to the broad patterns of our Register. However, such properties restoration master plan, and when history; or will qualify if they are integral parts of no other building or structure with districts that do meet the criteria or if the same association has survived; B. That are associated with the lives of they fall within the following catego- or persons significant in our past; or ries: f. A property primarily commemora- C. That embody the distinctive tive in intent if design, age, tradi- characteristics of a type, period, or a. A religious property deriving tion, or symbolic value has in- method of construction, or that primary significance from architec- vested it with its own exceptional represent the work of a master, or tural or artistic distinction or significance; or that possess high artistic values, or historical importance; or that represent a significant and g. A property achieving significance distinguishable entity whose b. A building or structure removed within the past 50 years if it is of components may lack individual from its original location but which exceptional importance. distinction; or is significant primarily for architec- tural value, or which is the surviv- D. That have yielded, or may be likely ing structure most importantly to yield, information important in associated with a historic person or prehistory or history. event; or 3 The Criteria for Evaluation are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part 60, and are reprinted here in full. Page 55 2 III. HOW TO USE THIS BULLETINTO EVALUATEA PROPERTY For a property to qualify for the a district, site, building, structure, 4. Determine if the property repre- National Register it must meet one of or object for inclusion in the sents a type usually excluded from the National Register Criteria for National Register. the National Register (Part VII). Evaluation by: If so, determine if it meets any of 2. Determine which prehistoric or the Criteria Considerations. • Being associated with an impor- historic context(s) the property represents (Part V). A property 5. Determine whether the property tant historic context and must possess significance in retains integrity (Part VIII). • Retaining historic integrity of American history, architecture, Evaluate the aspects of location, those features necessary to con- archeology, engineering, or design, setting, workmanship, ma- vey its significance. culture when evaluated within terials, feeling, and association the historic context of a relevant that the property must retain to Information about the property geographic area. convey its historic significance. based on physical examination and documentary research is necessary to 3. Determine whether the property evaluate a property's eligibility for the is significant under the National If, after completing these steps, the National Register. Evaluation of a Register Criteria (Part VI). This property appears to qualify for the Na- property is most efficiently made is done by identifying the links to tional Register, the next step is to pre- when following this sequence: important events or persons, pare a written nomination. (Refer to design or construction features, National Register Bulletin: How to 1. Categorize the property (Part IV). or information potential that Complete the National Register Registra- A property must be classified as make the property important. tion Form.) Page 56 3 IV. HOW TO DEFINE CATEGORIESOF HISTORIC PROPERTIES The National Register of Historic whole building must be considered, piers, all of which, if extant, must be Places includes significant properties, and its significant features must be included when considering the classified as buildings, sites, districts, identified. property for eligibility. structures, or objects. It is not used to If a building has lost any of its basic If a structure has lost its historic list intangible values, except in so far structural elements, it is usuallv con- configuration or pattern of organiza- as thev are associated with or re- sidered a "ruin" and is categorized as tion through deterioration or demoli- flected by historic properties. The Na- a site. tion, it is usually considered a "ruin" tion,11 Register does not list cultural and is categorized as a site. Examples of buildings include: events, or skilled or talented individu- als, as is done in some countries. administration building Examples of structures include: Rather, the National Register is ori- carriagehouse clzurclz aircraft ented to recognizing physically con- city or town hall apiary crete properties th<1tare relatively courthouse automobile fixed in location. detached kitchen, barn, and privy bandstand For purposes of National Register dormitory boats and ships nominations, small groups of proper- fort bridge ties are listed under a single category, garage cairn using the primary resource. For ex- hotel canal ample, a city hall and fountain would house carousel be categorized by the city hall (build- library corncrib ing), a farmhouse with two outbuild- mill building dam ings would be categorized by the office building earthwork farmhouse (building), and a city park post office fence with a gazebo would be categorized school gazebo by the park (site). Properties with social hall grain elevator large acreage or a number of re- shed highway sources are usually considered dis- tricts. Common sense and reason stable irrigation system store kiln should dictate the selection of catego- ries. theater lighthouse train station railroadgrade silo BUILDING trolley car STRUCTURE tunnel A building, such as a house, barn, windmill church, hotel, or similar construc- The term "structure" is used to tion, is created principally to shelter distinguish from buildings those any form of human activity. "Build- functional constructions made usu- ing" may also be used to refer to a ally for purposes other than creating historically and functionally related human shelter. unit, such as a courthouse and jail or Structures nominated to the a house and barn. National Register must include all of Buildings eligible for the National the extant basic structural elements. Register must include all of their basic Parts of structures can not be consid- structural elements. Parts of build- ered eligible if the whole structure ings, such as interiors, facades, or remains. For example, a truss bridge wings, are not eligible independent of is composed of the metal or wooden the rest of the existing building. The truss, the abutments, and supporting 4 Page 57 OBJECT A site may be a natural landmark commercial buildings, sites, struc- strongly associated with significant tures, or objects. A district can also be The term "object" is used to prehistoric or historic events or a grouping of archeological sites distinguish from buildings and patterns of events, if the significance related primarily by their common structures those constructions that of the natural feature is well docu- components; these types of districts are primarily artistic in nature or are mented through scholarly research. often will not visually represent a relatively small in scale and simply Generally, though, the National specific historic environment. constructed. Although it may be, by Register excludes from the definition nature or design, movable, an object of "site" natural waterways or bodies SIGNIFICANCE is associated with a specific setting of water that served as determinants or environment. in the location of communities or A district must be significant, as Small objects not designed for a were significant in the locality's well as being an identifiable entity. It specific location are normally not subsequent economic development. must be important for historical, eligible. Such works include trans- While they may have been "avenues architectural, archeological, engineer- portable sculpture, furniture, and of exploration," the features most ing, or cultural values. Therefore, other decorative arts that, unlike a appropriate to document this signifi- districts that are significant will fixed outdoor sculpture, do not cance are the properties built in usually meet the last portion of possess association with a specific association with the waterways. Criterion C plus Criterion A, Criterion place. B, other portions of Criterion C, or Objects should be in a setting Examples of sites include: Criterion D. appropriate to their significant battlefield historic use, roles, or character. campsite TYPES OF FEATURES Objects relocated to a museum are cemeteriessignificant for information inappropriate for listing in the Na- potential or historic association A district can comprise both tional Register. ceremonialsite features that lack individual distinc- designed landscape tion and individually distinctive Examples of objects include: habitation site features that serve as focal points. It boundary marker natural feature (such as a rock formation) may even be considered eligible if all fountain having cultural significance of the components lack individual milepost petroglyph distinction, provided that the group- monument rock carving ing achieves significance as a whole scupturc rock shelter within its historic context. In either statuary ruins of a building or structure case, the majority of the components shipwreck that add to the district's historic trail character, even if they are individu- village site ally undistinguished, must possess SITE integrity, as must the district as a DISTRICT whole. A site is the location of a signifi- A district can contain buildings, cant event, a prehistoric or historic structures, sites, objects, or open occupation or activity, or a building A district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity spaces that do not contribute to the or structure, whether standing, significance of the district. The ruined, or vanished, where the of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aes- nm:1b~r of noncontributing properties location itself possesses historic, a d1stnct can contain yet still convey cultural, or archeological value thetically by plan or physical devel- opment. its sense of time and place and regardless of the value of any exist- historical development depends on ing structure. how these properties affect the A site can possess associative CONCENTRATION, LINKAGE, & CONTINUITY OF FEATURES district's integrity. In archeological significance or information potential districts, the primary factor to be or both, and can be significant under considered is the effect of any distur- any or all of the four criteria. A site A district derives its importance from being a unified entity, even bances on the information potential of need not be marked by physical the district as a whole. remains if it is the location of a though it is often composed of a wide prehistoric or historic event or pattern v~rie_ty of resources. The identity of a of events and if no buildings, struc- d1stnct results from the interrelation- tures, or objects marked it at the time ship of its resources, which can of the events. However, when the convey a visual sense of the overall location of a prehistoric or historic historic environment or be an ar- event cannot be conclusively deter- rangement of historically or function- mined because no other cultural al_ly~elated properties. For example, a materials were present or survive, d1stnct can reflect one principal documentation must be carefully activity, such as a mill or a ranch, or it evaluated to determine whether the can encompass several interrelated traditionally recognized or identified activities, such as an area that in- site is accurate. cludes industrial, residential, or Page 58 5 GEOGRAPHICAL BOUNDARIES DISCONTIGUOUS DISTRICTS It is not appropriate to use the discontiguous district format to A district must be a definable A district is usually a single geo- include an isolated resource or small geographic area that can be distin- graphic area of contiguous historic group of resources which were once guished from surrounding properties properties; however, a district can connected to the district, but have by changes such as density, scale, also be composed of two or more since been separated either through type, age, style of sites, buildings, definable significant areas separated demolition or new construction. For structures, and objects, or by docu- by nonsignificant areas. A example, do not use the discontiguous mented differences in patterns of discontiguous district is most appro- district format to nominate individual historic development or associations. priate where: buildings of a downtown commerical It is seldom defined, however, by the district that have become isolated limits of current parcels of ownership, • Elements are spatially discrete; through demolition. management, or planning boundaries. The boundaries must be based upon a • Space between the elements is Examples of districts iE,[;lude: shared relationship among the not related to the significance of the district; and business districts properties constituting the district. canal systems • Visual continuity is not a factor groups of habitation sites in the significance. college campuses In addition, a canal can be treated estates and farms with large acreage/ as a discontiguous district when the numerous properties system consists of man-made sections industrial complexes of canal interspersed with sections of irrigation systems river navigation. For scattered residential areas archeological properties, a rural villages discontiguous district is appropriate transportation networks when the deposits are related to each rural historic districts other through cultural affiliation, period of use, or site type. Ordeman-Shaw Historic District, Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama. Historic districts derive their identity from the interrationship of their resources. Part of the defining characteristics of this 19th century residential district in Montgomery, Alabama, is found in the rhythmic pattern of the rows of decorative porches. (Frank L. Thiermonge, III) 6 Page 59 V. HOWTOEVALUATEA PROPERTY WITHIN ITS HISTORIC CONTEXT UNDERSTANDING In order to decide whether a property is significant within its HOW TO EVALUATE HISTORIC historic context, the following five things must be determined: APROPERTY CONTEXTS • The facet of prehistory or history WITHIN ITS To qualify for the National Regis- of the local area, State, or the na- tion that the property represents; HISTORIC CONTEXT ter, a property must be significant; that is, it must represent a significant • Whether that facet of prehistory Identify what the property repre- part of the history, architecture, or history is significant; sents: the theme(s), geographical archeology, engineering, or culture of • Whether it is a type of property limits, and chronological period that an area, and it must have the charac- that has relevance and impor- provide a perspective from which to teristics that make it a good represen- tance in illustrating the historic evaluate the property's significance. tative of properties associated with context; that aspect of the past. This section Historic contexts are historical explains how to evaluate a property • How the property illustrates that patterns that can be identified through within its historic context. history; and finally consideration of the history of the The significance of a historic • Whether the property possesses property and the history of the sur- property can be judged and explained the physical features necessary to rounding area. Historic contexts may only when it is evaluated within its convey the aspect of prehistory have already been defined in your area historic context. Historic contexts are or history with which it is associ- by the State historic preservation office, those patterns or trends in history by ated. Federal agencies, or local governments. which a specific occurrence, property, In accordance with the National Regis- or site is understood and its meaning These five steps are discussed in ter Criteria, the historic context may (and ultimately its significance) detail below. If the property being relate to one of the following: within history or prehistory is made evaluated does represent an impor- clear. Historians, architectural tant aspect of the area's history or • An event, a series of events or ac- historians, folklorists, archeologists, prehistory and possesses the requisite tivities, or patterns of an area's de- and anthropologists use different quality of integrity, then it qualifies velopment (Criterion A); words to describe this phenomena for the National Register. • Association with the life of an im- such as trend, pattern, theme, or cultural affiliation, but ultimately the portant person (Criterion B); concept is the same. • A building form, architectural style, The concept of historic context is engineering technique, or artistic not a new one; it has been fundamen- values, based on a stage of physical tal to the study of history since the development, or the use of a mate- 18th century and, arguably, earlier rial or method of construction that than that. Its core premise is that shaped the historic identity of an resources, properties, or happenings area (Criterion C); or in history do not occur in a vacuum but rather are part of larger trends or • A research topic (Criterion D). patterns. 4 For a complete discussion of historic contexts, see National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Registration Forms. Page 60 7  Determine how the theme of the Determine what the property type Determine how the property context is significant in the history of is and whether it is important in represents the context through the local area, the State, or the illustrating the historic context. specific historic associations, archi- nation. tectural or engineering values, or A context may be represented by a information potential (the Criteria A theme is a means of organizing variety of important property types. for Evaluation). properties into coherent patterns For example, the context of "Civil based on elements such as environ- War Military Activity in Northern For example, the context of county ment, social/ ethnic groups, transpor- Virginia" might be represented by government expansion is represented tation networks, technology, or such properties as: a group of mid- under Criterion A by historic districts political developments that have 19th century fortification structures; or buildings that reflect population influenced the development of an area an open field where a battle occurred; growth, development patterns, the during one or more periods of prehis- a knoll from which a general directed role of government in that society, tory or history. A theme is considered troop movements; a sunken transport and political events in the history of significant if it can be demonstrated, ship; the residences or public build- the State, as well as the impact of through scholarly research, to be ings that served as company head- county government on the physical important in American history. Many quarters; a railroad bridge that served development of county seats. Under significant themes can be found in the as a focal point for a battle; and Criterion C, the context is represented following list of Areas of Significance earthworks exhibiting particular by properties whose architectural used by the National Register. construction techniques. treatments reflect their governmental Because a historic context for a functions, both practically and AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE community can be based on a distinct symbolically. (See Part VI: How to Agriculture period of development, it might Identify the Type of Significance of a Architecture include numerous property types. Property.) Archeology For example, the context "Era of Prehistoric Industrialization in Grand Bav, Determine what physical features Historic-Aboriginal Michigan, 1875 - 1900" could be the property must possess in order Historic-Non-Aboriginal represented by important property for it to reflect the significance of the Art types as diverse as sawmills, paper historic context. Commerce mill sites, salt refining plants, flour Communications mills, grain elevators, furniture These physical features can be Community Planning and Development factories, workers housing, commer- determined after identifying the Conservation cial buildings, social halls, schools, following: Economics churches, and transportation facilities. Education A historic context can also be based • Which types of properties are as- Engineering on a single important type of prop- sociated with the historic context, Entertainment/ Recreation erty. The context "Development of • The ways in which properties can Ethnic Heritage County Government in Georgia, represent the theme, and Asian 1777 - 1861" might be represented Black solely by courthouses. Similarly, • The applicable aspects of integ- European "Bridge Construction in Pittsburgh, rity. Hispanic 1870 - 1920" would probably only have one property type. Properties that have the defined Native American characteristics are eligible for listing. Pacific Islander (See Part VIII: How to Evaluate the Other Integrity of a Property.) Exploralion/ Settlement Health/Medicine Industry Invention LandscapeArchitecture Law Literature Maritime History Military Performing Arts Philosophy Politics/Government Religion Science Social History Transportation Other Page 61 8 PROPERTIES SIGNIFICANT found throughout the entire State: LOCAL, STATE, they can be located in only a portion WITHIN MORE THAN ONE of the State's present political bound- HISTORIC CONTEXT AND NATIONAL ary. It is the property's historic context that must be important A specific property can be signifi- HISTORIC statewide. For example, the "cotton cant within one or more historic belt" extends through only a portion contexts, and, if possible, all of these CONTEXTS of Georgia, yet its historical develop- should be identified. For example, a ment in the antebellum period af- public building constructed in the Historic contexts are found at a fected the entire State. These State 1830s that is related to the historic variety of geographical levels or historic contexts may have associated context of Civil War campaigns in the scales. The geographic scale selected properties that are statewide or area might also be related to the may relate to a pattern of historical locally significant representations. A theme of political developments in the development, a political division, or a cotton gin in a small town might be a community during the 1880s. A cultural area. Regardless of the scale, locally significant representation of property is only required, however, to the historic context establishes the this context, while one of the largest be documented as significant in one framework from which decisions cotton producing plantations might context. about the significance of related be of State significance. properties can be made. A property whose historic associa- COMPARING RELATED tions or information potential appears PROPERTIES LOCAL HISTORIC to extend beyond a single local area CONTEXTS might be significant at the State level. A property can be significant to more Properties listed in the National than one community or local area, Register must possess significance A local historic context represents however, without having achieved when evaluated in the perspective of an aspect of the history of a town, State significance. their historic context. Once the city, county, cultural area, or region, A property that overlaps several historic context is established and the or any portions thereof. It is defined State boundaries can possibly be property type is determined, it is not by the importance of the property, not significant to the State or local history necessary to evaluate the property in necessarily the physical location of the of each of the States. Such a property question against other properties if: property. For instance, if a property is not necessarily of national signifi- is of a type found throughout a State, cance, however, nor is it necessarily • It is the sole example of a prop- or its boundaries extend over two significant to all of the States in which erty type that is important in il- States, but its importance relates only it is located. lustrating the historic context or to a particular county, the property Prehistoric sites are not often would be considered of local signifi- • It clearly possesses the defined considered to have "State" signifi- cance. characteristics required to cance, per se, largely because States The level of context of archeologi- strongly represent the context. are relatively recent political entities cal sites significant for their informa- and usually do not correspond closely If these two conditions do not tion potential depends on the scope of to Native American political territo- apply, then the property will have to the applicable research design. For ries or cultural areas. Numerous sites, be evaluated against other examples example, a Late Mississippian village however, may be of significance to a of the property type to determine its site may yield information in a large region that might geographi- eligibility. The geographic level research design concerning one settlement system on a regional scale, cally encompass parts of one, or (local, State, or national) at which this usually several, States. Prehistoric evaluation is made is the same as the while in another research design it resources that might be of State level of the historic context. (See Part may reveal information of local significance include regional sites that V: How to Evaluate a Property Within importance concerning a single group's stone tool manufacturing provide a diagnostic assemblage of Its Historic Context.) artifacts for a particular cultural techniques or house forms. It is a question of how the available infor- group or time period or that provide mation potential is likely to be used. chronological control (specific dates or relative order in time) for a series of cultural groups. STATE HISTORIC CONTEXTS Properties are evaluated in a State context when they represent an aspect of the history of the State as a whole (or American Samoa, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands). These properties do not necessarily have to belong to property types Page 62 9 NATIONAL HISTORIC Regulations, Title 36, Part 65 and are was fought in only a portion of the CONTEXTS summarized in this bulletin in Part IX: United States, yet its impact was Summary of National Historic Land- nationwide. The site of a small marks Criteriafor Evaluation. military skirmish might be a locally Properties are evaluated in a A property with national signifi- significant representation of this national context when they represent cance helps us understand the history national context, while the capture of an aspect of the history of the United of the nation by illustrating the the State's largest city might be a States and its territories as a whole. nationwide impact of events or statewide significant representation These national historic contexts may persons associated with the property, of the national context. have associated properties that are its architectural type or style, or When evaluating properties at the locally or statewide significant information potential. It must be of national level for designation as a representations, as well as those of exceptional value in representing or National Historic Landmark, please national significance. illustrating an important theme in the refer to the National Historic Land- Properties designated as nationally history of the nation. marks outline, History and Prehistory significant and listed in the National Nationally significant properties in the National Park System and the Register are the prehistoric and do not necessarily have to belong to a National Historic Landmarks Program historic units of the National Park property type found throughout the 1987. (For more information about System and those properties that have entire country: they can be located in the National Historic Landmarks been designated National Historic only a portion of the present political program, please write to the Depart- Landmarks. The National Historic boundaries. It is their historic context ment of the Interior, National Park Landmark criteria are the standards that must be important nationwide. Service, National Historic Land- for nationally significant properties; For example, the American Civil War marks, 1849 C Street, NW, NC400, they are found in the Code of Federal Washington, DC 20240.) 10 Page 63 VI. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SIGNIFICANCE OF A PROPERTY After identifying the relevant NATIONAL REGISTER INTRODUCTION historic context(s) with which the property is associated, the four CRITERIA FOR When evaluated within its historic Criteria are applied to the property. EVALUATION* context, a property must be shown to Within the scope of the historic be significant for one or more of the four context, the National Register Criteria The National Register Criteria Criteria for Evaluation - A, B, C, or D define the kind of significance that the recognize different types of values (listed earlier in Part II). The Criteria properties represent. embodied in districts, sites, buildings, describe how properties are signifi- For example, within the context of structures, and objects. These values cant for their association with impor- "19th Century Gunpowder Produc- fall into the following categories: tant events or persons, for their tion in the Brandywine Valley," Associative value (Criteria A and importance in design or construction, Criterion A would apply to those B): Properties significant for their or for their information potential. properties associated with important association or linkage to events The basis for judging a property's events in the founding and develop- (Criterion A) or persons (Criterion B) significance and, ultimately, its ment of the industry. Criterion B important in the past. eligibility under the Criteria is historic would apply to tho~e properties Design or Construction value context. The use of historic context associated with persons who are (Criterion C): Properties significant allows a property to be properly significant in the founding of the as representatives of the manmade evaluated in a nearlv infinite number industry or associated with important expression of culture or technology. of capacities. For i~stance, Criterion inventions related to gunpowder Information value (Criterion D): C: Design/Construction can accom- manufacturing. Criterion C would Properties significant for their ability modate properties representing apply to those buildings, structures, to yield important information about construction types that are unusual or or objects whose architectural form or prehistory or history. widely practiced, that are innovative style reflect important design qualities or traditional, that are "high style" or integral to the industry. And Crite- *For a complete listing of the Criteria for vernacular, that are the work of a rion D would apply to properties that Evaluation, refer to PMt II of this bulletin. famous architect or an unknown can convey information important in master craftsman. The ke11to deternzin- our understanding of this industrial ing whether the clwracteristics or associa- process. If a property qualifies under tions of a particular property are signifi- more than one of the Criteria, its cant is to consider the property within its significance under each should be historic context. considered, if possible, in order to identify all aspects of its historical value. Page 64 11 CRITERION A: EVENT Properties can be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES UNDERSTANDING APPLYING ASSOCIATED WITH EVENTS CRITERION A: CRITERION A: Propertiesassociatedwith specificevents: • The site of a battle. EVENT EVENT • The building in which an important To be considered for listing under invention was developed. TYPES OF EVENTS Criterion A, a property must be • A factory district where a significant associated with one or more events A property can be associated with strike occurred. important in the defined historic either (or both) of two types of events: context. Criterion A recognizes • An archeologicalsite at which a ma- properties associated with single jor new aspectof prehistory was dis- • A specific event marking an im- covered,such as the first evidenceof events, such as the founding of a portant moment in American pre- town, or with a pattern of events, man and extinct Pleistoceneanimals history or history and being contemporaneous. repeated activities, or historic trends, such as the gradual rise of a port city's • A pattern of events or a historic • A site where an important facet of prominence in trade and commerce. trend that made a significant con- Europeanexplorationoccurred. The event or trends, however, must tribution to the development of a clearly be important within the community, a State, or the nation. Propertiesassociatedwith a pattern of associated context: settlement, in the events: Refer to the sidebar on the right for case of the town, or development of a a list of specific examples. • A trail associatedwith western mi- maritime economy, in the case of the gration. port city. Moreover, the property must have an important association ASSOCIATION OF THE • A railroadstation that served as the with the event or historic trends, and PROPERTY WITH THE focus of a community's transporta- it must retain historic integrity. (See EVENTS tion system and commerce. Part V: How to Evaluatea Property • A mill district reflectingthe impor- Within its Historic Context.) The property you are evaluating tance of textile manufacturing dur- Several steps are involved in must be documented, through ac- ing a given period. determining whether a property is cepted means of historical or archeo- significant for its associative values: logical research (including oral • A building used by an important lo- history), to have existed at the time of cal socialorganization. • Determine the nature and origin the event or pattern of events and to • A site where prehistoricNative of the property, have been associated with those Americans annually gatheredfor • Identify the historic context with events. A property is not eligible if its seasonallyavailableresourcesand which it is associated, and associations are speculative. For for social interaction. archeological sites, well reasoned • Evaluate the property's history to inferences drawn from data recovered • A downtown district representinga determine whether it is associ- at the site can be used to establish the town's growth as the commercialfo- ated with the historic context in association between the site and the cus of the surrounding agricultural any important way. events. area. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ASSOCIATION Mere association with historic events or trends is not enough, in and of itself, to qualify under Criterion A: the property's specific association must be considered important as well. For example, a building historically in commercial use must be shown to have been significant in commercial history. Page 65 12 TRADITIONAL CULTURAL VALUES Traditional cultural significance is derived from the role a property plays in a community's historically rooted beliefs, customs, and practices. Properties may have significance under Criterion A if they are associ- ated with events, or series of events, significant to the cultural traditions of a community. 5 Eligible • A hilltop associated in oral his- torical accounts with the founding of an Indian tribe or society is eligible. • A rural community can be eli- gible whose organization, buildings, or patterns of land use reflect the cultural traditions valued by its long- term residents. • An urban neighborhood can Criterion A - The Old Brulay Plantation, Brownsvillevicinity, Cameroncounty, be eligible as the traditional Texas. Historicallysignificantfor its associationwith the developmentof agriculture home of a particular cultural group and as a reflection of its in southeast Texas, this complex of 10 brick buildings was constructedby GeorgeN. beliefs and practices. Brulay, a Frenchimmigrant who introducedcommercialsugar productionand irrigation to the Rio Grande Valley. (Photoby Texas HistoricalCommission). Not Eligible • A site viewed as sacred by a recently established utopian or religious community does not have traditional cultural value and is not eligible. 5 For more information, refer to NationalRegisterBulletin: Guidelinesfor Evaluatingand DocumentingTraditionalCultural Properties. 13 Page 66 CRITERION B: PERSON Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. UNDERSTANDING CRITERION B: PERSON 6 Criterion B applies to properties associated with individuals whose specific contributions to history can be identified and documented . Persons "significant in our past" refers to individuals whose activities are demonstrably important within a local, State, or national historic context. The criterion is generally restricted to those properties that illustrate (rather than commemorate) a person's important achievements. (The policy regarding commemora- tive properties, birthplaces, and graves is explained further in Part VIII: How to Apply the Criteria Consid- erations.) Several steps are involved in determining whether a property is significant for its associative values Criterion B - The William Whitney House, Hinsdale, DuPageCounty, Illinois. under Criterion B. First, determine This building is locallysignificant for its historicalassociationwith William Whitney, the importance of the individual. Second, ascertain the length and the founder of the town of Hinsdale, Illinois. Whitney, a citizen of New York State, nature of his/her association with the moved to Illinois, establishedthe town, and while living here between1870 and 1879 property under study and identify the was a prominent localbusinessmanand politician. (Photoby FrederickC. Cue). other properties associated with the individual. Third, consider the property under Criterion B, as outlined below . EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES ASSOCIATED WITH PERSONS Propertiesassociatedwith a Significant Person: • The home of an important merchant or laborleader. • The studio of a significant artist. • The business headquartersof an im- portant industrialist. • For further information on properties eligible under Criterion B, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evalr1ati11g and Dornmenting PropertiesAssociatedwith Significant Persons. 14 Page 67 APPLYING ASSOCIATION WITH THE ASSOCIATION WITH PROPERTY GROUPS CRITERION B: Properties eligible under Criterion For properties associated with PERSON B are usuallv those associated with a several community leaders or with a person's prdductive life, reflecting the prominent family, it is necessary to time period when he or she achieved identify specific individuals and to SIGNIFICANCE OF THE significance. In some instances this explain their significant accomplish- INDIVIDUAL may be the person's home; in other ments. cases, a person's business, office, The persons associated with the laboratory, or studio may best repre- Eligible property must be individually signifi- sent his or her contribution. Proper- cant within a historic context. A ties that pre- or post-date an • A residential district in which a property is not eligible if its only individual's significant accomplish- large number of prominent or justification for significance is that it ments are usually not eligible. (See influential merchants, profes- was owned or used by a person who Comparison to Related Properties, below, sionals, civic leaders, politi- is a member of an identifiable profes- cians, etc., lived will be eligible for exceptions to this rule.) sion, class, or social or ethnic group. The individual's association with under Criterion B if the signifi- It must be shown tha~ the person the property must be documented by cance of one or more specific gained importance within his or her accepted methods of historical or individual residents is explic- profession or group. archeological research, including itly justified. written or oral history. Speculative • A building that served as the associations are not acceptable. For seat of an important family is Eligible archeological sites, well reasoned eligible under Criterion B if the • The residence of a doctor, a inferences drawn from data recovered significant accomplishments of mayor, or a merchant is eli- at the site are acceptable. one or more individual family gible under Criterion B if the members is explicitly justified. person was significant in the COMP ARIS ON TO RELATED Not Eligible field of medicine, politics, or PROPERTIES commerce, respectively. • A residential district in which a Each property associated with an large number of influential per- Not Eligible sons lived is not eligible under important individual should be • A property is not eligible un- compared to other associated proper- Criterion B if the accomplish- der Criterion B if it is associ- ties to identify those that best repre- ments of a specific indivi- ated with an individual about sent the person's historic contribu- dual(s) cannot be documented. whom no scholarly judgement tions. The best representatives If the significance of the district can be made because either re- usually are properties associated with rests in the cumulative impor- search has not revealed spe- the person's adult or productive life. tance of prominent residents, cific information about the Properties associated with an however, then the district person's activities and their individual's formative or later years might still be eligible under impact, or there is insufficient may also qualify if it can be demon- Criterion A. Eligibility, in this perspective to determine strated that the person's activities case, would be based on the whether those activities or during this period were historically broad pattern of community contributions were historically significant or if no properties from the development, through which important. person's productive years survives. the neighborhood evolved into Length of association is an important the primary residential area for factor when assessing several proper- this class of citizens. ties with similar associations. • A building that served as the A community or State may contain seat of an important family will several properties eligible for associa- not be eligible under Criterion tions with the same important person, B if the significant accomplish- if each represents a different aspect of ments of individual family the person's productive life. A members cannot be docu- property can also be eligible if it has mented. In cases where a suc- brief but consequential associations cession of family members with an important individual. (Such have lived in a house and col- associations are often related to lectively have had a demon- specific events that occurred at the strably significant impact on property and, therefore, it may also be the community, as a family, the eligible under Criterion A.) house is more likely to be sig- nificant under Criterion A for association with a pattern of events. Page 68 15 ASSOCIATION WITH ASSOCIATION WITH NATIVE AMERICAN SITES LIVING PERSONS ARCHITECTS/ ARTISANS The known major villages of Properties associated with living Architects, artisans, artists, and individual Native Americans who persons are usually not eligible for engineers are often represented by were important during the contact inclusion in the National Register. their works, which are eligible under period or later can qualify under Sufficient time must have elapsed to Criterion C. Their homes and studios, Criterion B. As with all Criterion B assess both the person's field of however, can be eligible for consider- properties, the individual associated endeavor and his/her contribution to ation under Criterion B, because these with the property must have made that field. Generally, the person's usually are the properties with which some specific important contribution active participation in the endeavor they are most personally associated. to history. Examples include sites must be finished for this historic significantly associated with Chief perspective to emerge. (See Criteria Joseph and Geronimo.7 Considerations C and G in Part VII: How to Apply the CriteriaConsider- ations.) 7 For more information, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Eualuati11gand Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. 16 Page 69 CRITERIONC: DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. defined within the context of Crite- rion C. Districts, however,can be con- sideredfor eligibility under all the Crite- ria, individually or in any combina- tion, as is appropriate. For this rea- son, the full discussion of districts is contained in Part IV: How to Define Categoriesof Historic Properties. Throughout the bulletin, however, districts are mentioned within the context of a specific subject, such as an individual Criterion. Richland Plantation, East FelicianaParish,Louisiana. Propertiescan qualify under CriterionC as examplesof high style architecture. Built in the 1830s, Richland is a fine exampleof a Federalstyle residencewith a GreekRevival style portico. (Photoby Dave Gleason). • Represent a significant and dis- UNDERSTANDING tinguishable entity whose com- ponents may lack individual dis- CRITERION C: tinction . DESIGN/ The first requirement, that proper- ties "embody the distinctive charac- CONSTRUCTION teristics of a type, period, or method of construction," refers to the way in This criterion applies to properties which a property was conceived, significant for their physical design or designed, or fabricated by a people or culture in past periods of history. Grant Family House, Sacovicinity, construction, including such elements York County, Maine. Properties as architecture, landscape architec- "The work of a master" refers to the ture, engineering, and artwork. To be technical or aesthetic achievements of possessinghigh artistic value meet eligible under Criterion C, a property an architect or craftsman. "High CriterionC through the expressionof must meet at least one of the following artistic values" concerns the expres- aestheticidealsor preferences. The Grant requirements: sion of aesthetic ideals or preferences Family House, a modest Federalstyle and applies to aesthetic achievement. residence,is significant for its remarkably • Embody distinctive characteris- Resources "that represent a signifi- well-preservedstenciled wall decorative tics of a type, period, or method cant and distinguishable entity whose of construction. treatment in the entry hall and parlor. components may lack individual dis- Painted by an unknown artist ca. 1825, • Represent the work of a master . tinction" are called "districts." In the Criteria for Evaluation (as published this is a fine example of 19th century New • Possess high artistic value. in the Codeof FederalRegulationsand England regionalartistic expression. reprinted here in Part II), districts are (Photoby Kirk F. Mohney). 17 Page 70 EXAMPLES OF PROPERTIES Distinctive Characteristics: "Dis- Type, Period, and Method of ASSOCIATED WITH DESIGN/ tinctive characteristics" are the physi- Construction: "Type, period, or CONSTRUCTION cal features or traits that commonly method of construction" refers to the Propertiesassociatedwith design and recur in individual types, periods, or way certain properties are related to construction: methods of construction. To be one another by cultural tradition or eligible, a property must clearly function, by dates of construction or • A house or commercialbuilding rep- contain enough of those characteristics style, or by choice or availability of resenting a significant style of archi- to be considered a true representative materials and technology. tecture. of a particular type, period, or method A structure is eligible as a speci- • A designed park or garden associated of construction. men of its type or period of construc- with a particular landscapedesign Characteristics can be expressed in tion if it is an important example philosophy. terms such as form, proportion, struc- (within its context) of building ture, plan, style, or materials. They practices of a particular time in • A 111ovie theater embodying high ar- can be general, referring to ideas of history. For properties that represent tistic value in its decorativefeatures. design and construction such as basic the variation, evolution, or transition plan or form, or they can be specific, of construction types, it must be • A bridge or dam representing techno- referring to precise ways of combining demonstrated that the variation, etc., logicaladvances. particular kinds of materials. was an important phase of the archi- tectural development of the area or community in that it had an impact as APPLYING Eligible evidenced by later buildings. A • A building eligible under the property is not eligible, however, CRITERION C: theme of Gothic Revival archi- simply because it has been identified tecture must have the distinc- as the only such property ever fabri- DESIGN/ tive characteristics that make cated; it must be demonstrated to be up the vertical and picturesque significant as well. CONSTRUCTION qualities of the style, such as pointed gables, steep roof DISTINCTIVE pitch, board and batten siding, Eligible and ornamental bargeboard CHARACTERISTICS OF and veranda trim. • A building that has some char- TYPE, PERIOD, AND acteristics of the Romanesque • A late Mississippian village Revival style and some charac- METHOD OF that illustrates the important teristics of the Commercial CONSTRUCTION concepts in prehistoric style can qualify if it illustrates community design and plan- the transition of architectural This is the portion of Criterion C ning will qualify. design and the transition itself under which most properties are • A designed historic landscape is considered an important ar- eligible, for it encompasses all archi- will qualify if it reflects a his- chitectural development. tectural styles and construction toric trend or school of theory practices. To be eligible under this • A Hopewellian mound, if it is and practice, such as the City an important example of portion of the Criterion, a property Beautiful Movement, evidenc- must clearly illustrate, through mound building construction ingdistinguished design, lay- techniques, would qualify as a "distinctive characteristics," the out, and the work of skilled following: method or type of construc- era ftsmanshi p. tion. • The pattern of features common Not Eligible to a particular class of resources, • A building which illustrates • A commercial building with the early or the developing • The individuality or variation of some Art Deco detailing is not technology of particular features that occurs within the eligible under Criterion C if the structural systems, such as class, detailing was added merely as skeletal steel framing, is eli- an afterthought, rather than gible as an example of a • The evolution of that class, or fully integrated with overall particular method of construc- • The transition between classes of lines and massing typical of the tion. resources. Art Deco style or the transition between that and another style. • A designed landscape that has had major changes to its his- toric design, vegetation, origi- nal boundary, topography/ grading, architectural features, and circulation system will not qualify. 18 Page 71  HISTORIC ADAPTATION OF THE ORIGINAL PROPERTY A property can be significant not only for the way it was originally constructed or crafted, but also for the way it was adapted at a later period, or for the way it illustrates changing tastes, attitudes, and uses over a period of time. A district is eligible under this guideline if it illustrates the evolution of historic character of a place over a particular span of time. Eligible • A Native American irrigation system modified for use by Europeans could be eligible if it illustrates the technology of either or both periods of con- struction. • An early 19th century farm- Swan Falls Dam and Power Plant, Murphy vicinity, Ada County, Idaho. house modified in the 1880s Significant works of engineering can qualify under Criterion C. Built between 1900- with Queen Anne style orna- 1907 the Swan Falls Dam and Power Plant across the Snake River is one of the early mentation could be significant hydroelectric plants in the State of Idaho. (Photo by H.L. Hough). for the modification itself, if it represented a local variation or significant trend in building construction or remodelling, was the work of a local master (see Works of a Master on page 20), or reflected the tastes of an important person associated with the property at the time· of its alteration. • A district encompassing the commercial development of a town between 1820 and 1910, characterized by buildings of various styles and eras, can be eligible. Looney House, Asheville vicinity, St. Clair County, Alabama. Examples of vernacular styles of architecture can qualify under Criterion C. Built ca. 1818, the Looney House is significant as possibly the State's oldest extant two-story dogtrot type of dwelling. The defining open center passage of the dogtrot was a regional building response to the southern climate. (Photo by Carolyn Scott). Page 72 19 WORKS OF A MASTER PROPERTIES POSSESSING A Significant and Distinguishable HIGH ARTISTIC VALUES Entity Whose Components May Lack A master is a figure of generally Individual Distinction. This portion recognized greatness in a field, a of Criterion C refers to districts. For High artistic values may be ex- detailed information on districts, refer known craftsman of consummate pressed in many ways, inch~ding . skill, or an anonymous craftsman to Part IV of this bulletin. areas as diverse as community design whose work is distinguishable from or planning, engineering, and sculp- others by its characteristic style and ture. A property is eligible for its quality. The property must express a high artistic values if it so fully particular phase in the development articulates a particular concept of of the master's career, an aspect of his design that it expresses an aesthetic or her work, or a particular idea or ideal. A property is not eligible, theme in his or her craft. however, if it does not express A property is not eligible as the aesthetic ideals or design concepts work of a master, however, simply more fully than other properties of its because it was designed by a promi- type. nent architect. For example, not every building designed by Fran~ Lloy? Wright is eligible under ~his portion Eligible of Criterion C, although 1t might meet other portions of the Criterion, for • A sculpture in a town square instance as a representative of the that epitomizes the design Prairie style. principles of the Art Deco style The work of an unidentified is eligible. craftsman is eligible if it rises above • A building that is a classic ex- the level of workmanship of the other pression of the design theories properties encompassed by the of the Craftsman Style, such as historic context. carefully detailed handwork, is eligible. • A landscaped park that syn- thesizes early 20th century principles of landscape archi- tecture and expresses an aes- thetic ideal of environment can be eligible. • Properties that are important_ representatives of the aesthetic values of a cultural group, such as petroglyphs and ground drawings by Native Americans, are eligible. Not Eligible • A sculpture in a town square that is a typical example of sculpture design during its pe- riod would not qualify for high artistic value, although_ it might be eligible if it were sig- nificant for other reasons. • A building that is a modest ex- ample (within its historic con- text) of the Craftsman Style of architecture, or a landscaped park that is characteristic of turn of the century landscape design would not qualify for high artistic value. Page 73 20 CRITERION D: INFORMATION POTENTIAL Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information im- portant in prehistory or history. UNDERSTANDING data gaps or alternative theories that BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES, challenge existing ones or 2) priority AND OBJECTS areas identified under a State or CRITERION D: Federal agency management plan. While most often applied to INFORMATION archeological districts and sites, POTENTIAL APPLYING Criterion D can also apply to build- ings, structures, and objects that CRITERION D: contain important information. In Certain important research ques- order for these types of properties to tions about human history can only be INFORMATION be eligible under Criterion D, they answered by the actual physical themselves must be, or must have material of cultural resources. Crite- POTENTIAL been, the principal source of the rion D encompasses the properties important information. that have the potential to answer, in ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES whole or in part, those types of Eligible research questions. The most com- Criterion D most commonly mon type of property nominated • A building exhibiting a local applies to properties that contain or under this Criterion is the archeologi- variation on a standard design are likely to contain information cal si le (or a district comprised of or construction technique can bearing on an important archeological archeological sites). Buildings, be eligible if study could yield research question. The property must objects, and structures (or districts important information, such as have characteristics suggesting the comprised of these property types), how local availability of mate- likelihood that it possesses configura- however, can also be eligible for their rials or construction expertise tions of artifacts, soil strata, structural information potential. affected the evolution of local remains, or other natural or cultural Criterion D has two requirements, building development. features that make it possible to do which must both be met for a property the following: Not Eligible to qualify: • Test a hypothesis or hypotheses • The ruins of a hacienda once • The property must have, or have about events, groups, or pro- contained murals that have had, information to contribute to cesses in the past that bear on im- since been destroyed. Histori- our understanding of human his- portant research questions in the cal documentatio~, however, tory or prehistory, and social or natural sciences or the indicates that the murals were • The information must be consid- humanities; or significant for their highly un- ered important. usual design. The ruins can • Corroborate or amplify currently not be eligible under Criterion Under the first of these require- available information suggesting D for the importance of the de- ments, a property is eligible if it has that a hypothesis is either true or stroyed murals if the informa- been used as a source of data and false; or tion is contained only in the contains more, as yet unretrieved documentation. data. A property is also eligible if it • Reconstruct the sequence of ar- has not yet yielded information but, cheological cultures for the pur- through testing or research, is deter- pose of identifying and explain- mined a likely source of data. ing continuities and discontinu- Under the second requirement, the ities in the archeological record information must be carefully evalu- for a particular area. ated within an appropriate context to determine its importance. Informa- tion is considered "important" when it is shown to have a significant bearing on a research design that addresses such areas as: I) current Page 74 21  property. Research questions can be related to property-specific issues, to broader questions about a large geographic area, or to theoretical issues independent of any particular geographic location. These questions may be derived from the academic community or from preservation programs at the local, regional, State, or national level. Research questions are usually developed as part of a "research design," which specifies not only the questions to be asked, but also the types of data needed to supply the answers, and often the techniques needed to recover the data . Criterion D - Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site, Omahavicinity, Douglas Eligible County, Nebraska. This archeological site, datingfrom ca. 1100-1450A.D., consistsof • When a site consisting of a vil- pit housesand storagepits whichhavethe potentialto yield importantinformation lage occupation with midden concerningthe subsistencepatterns,religiousand mortuarypractices,and social deposits, hearths, ceramics, organizationof the prehistoricresidentsof easternNebraska. (NebraskaState and stratified evidence of sev- HistoricalSociety) eral occupations is being evaluated, three possible re- search topics could be: 1) the ASSOCIATION WITH ESTABLISHING A HISTORIC question of whether the site HUMAN ACTIVITY CONTEXT occupants were indigenous to the area prior to the time of oc- A property must be associated with The information that a property cupation or recent arrivals, 2) human activity and be critical for yields, or will yield, must be evalu- the investigation of the settle- understanding a site's historic environ- ated within an appropriate historic ment-subsistence pattern of ment in order to be eligible under context. This will entail consulting the occupants, 3) the question Criterion D. A property can be linked the body of information already of whether the region was a to human activity through events, collected from similar properties or center for the domestication of processes, institutions, design, con- other pertinent sources, including plants . Specific questions struction, settlement, migration, ideals, modern and historic written records. could include: A) Do the de- beliefs, lifeways, and other facets of the The researcher must be able to posits show a sequential de- development or maintenance of anticipate if and how the potential velopment or sudden intro- cultural systems. information will affect the definition duction of Ceramic Type X? The natural environment associated of the context . The information likely B) Do the dates of the occupa- with the properties was often very to be obtained from a particular tions fit our expectations based different from that of the present and property must confirm, refute, or on the current model for the strongly influenced cultural develop- supplement in an important way reoccupation behavior of ment. Aspects of the environment that existing information. slash-and-burn agricultural- are pertinent to human activities A property is not eligible if it ists? C) Can any genetic should be considered when evaluating cannot be related to a particular time changes in the food plant re- properties under Criterion D. period or cultural group and, as a mains be detected? Natural features and paleontological result, lacks any historic context Not Eligible (floral and faunal) sites are not usually within which to evaluate the impor- eligible under Criterion D in and of tance of the information to be gained. • A property is not eligible if so themselves. They can be eligible, little can be understood about however, if they are either directly DEVELOPING RESEARCH it that it is not possible to de- related to human activity or critical to termine if specific important understanding a site's historic environ- QUESTIONS research questions can be an- ment. In a few cases, a natural feature swered by data contained in or site unmarked by cultural materials, Having established the importance the property. that is primarily eligible under Crite- of the information that may be rion A, may also be eligible under recovered, it is necessary to be explicit Criterion D, if study of the feature, or in demonstrating the connection its location, setting, etc. (usually in the between the important information context of data gained from other and a specific property. One ap- sources), will yield important informa- proach is to determine if specific tion about the event or period with important research questions can be which it is associated. answered by the data contained in the 22 Page 75 ESTABLISHING THE INTEGRITY PARTLY EXCAVATED OR PRESENCE OF ADEQUATE DISTURBED PROPERTIES The assessment of integrity for DATA properties considered for informati_on The current existence of appropri- potential depends on the data reqmre- ate physical remains must be ascer- To support the assertion that a ments of the applicable research property has the data 1:ecessary_ to tained in considering a property's design. A property possessing ability to yield important information. provide the important 1~form~hon, information potential does not need to the property should be mveshgate~ Properties that have been partly recall visually an event, person, excavated or otherwise disturbed and with techniques sufficient to estabhsh process, or constructi~n t~~hnique. It the presence of relevant data c~tego- that are being considered for their is important that the s1gmficant_ data potential to yield additional impor- ries. What constitutes appropriate contained in the property remam investigation techniques would tant information must be shown to sufficiently intact to yield the ex- retain that potential in their remaining depend upon specific circumstances pected important inforf1:ation, if the including the property's location, portions. appropriate study techmques are condition, and the research questions employed. being addressed, and could range from surface survey (or photographic Eligible survey for buildings), to the applica- Eligible • A site that has been partially tion of remote sensing techniques or excavated but still retains sub- intensive subsurface testing. Justifica- • An irrigation system signifi- stantial intact deposits (or a tion of the research potential of a cant for the information it will site in which the remaining de- property may be based on anal~gy to yield on early engineering posits are small but contain another better known property 1f practices can still be eligible critical information on a topic sufficient similarities exist to establish even though it is now filled in that is not well known) is eli- the appropriateness of the analogy. and no longer retains the ap- gible. pearance of an open canal. Not Eligible Not Eligible Eligible • A totally collected surface site • A plowed archeological site or a completely excavated bur- • Data requirements depend on contains several superimposed the specific research topics and ied site is not eligible since the components that have been physical remains capable of questions to be addressed. To mixed to the extent that arti- yielding important informa- continue the example in "De- fact assemblages cannot be re- tion no longer exist at the site. veloping Research Questions" constructed. The site cannot (See Completely Excavated Sites, above, we might want to ascer- be eligible if the data require- on page 24, for exception.) tain the following with refer- ments of the research design Likewise, a site that has been ence to questions A, B, and C: call for the study of artifacts looted or otherwise disturbed A) The site contains Ceramic specific to one component. to the extent that the remain- Type X in one or more occupa- tion levels and we expect to be ing cultural materials have lost able to document the local their important depositional evaluation of the type or its in- context (horizontal or vertical trusive nature. B) The hearths location of deposits) is not eli- contain datable carbon deposits gible. and are associated with more • A reconstructed mound or than one occupation. C) The other reconstructed site will midden deposits show good generally not be considered floral/ fauna! preservation, and eligible, because original cul- we know enough about the tural materials or context or physical evolution of food both have been lost. plants to interpret signs that suggest domestication. Not Eligible • Generally, if the applicable re- search design requires clearly stratified deposits, then subsur- face investigation techniques must be applied. A site com- posed only of surface materials can not be eligible for its poten- tial to yield information that could only be found in strati- fied deposits. Page 76 23 COMPLETELY EXCAVATED SITES Properties that have yielded important information in the past and that no longer retain additional research potential (such as completely excavated archeological sites) must be assessed essentially as historic sites under Criterion A. Such sites must be significant for associative values related to: 1) the importance of the data gained or 2) the impact of the property's role in the history of the development of anthropology/ archeology or other relevant disci- plines. Like other historic properties, the site must retain the ability to convey its association as the former repository of important information, the location of historic events, or the representative of important trends. Eligible • A property that has been exca- vated is eligible if the data re- covered was of such impor- tance that it influenced the di- rection of research in the disci- pline, as in a site that clearly established the antiquity of the human occupation of the New World. (See Criterion A in Part VI: How to Identify the Type of Significanceof a Property and Criteria Consideration G in Part VII: How to Apply the Criteria Considerations.) Not Eligible • A totally excavated site that at one time yielded important in- formation but that no longer can convey either its historic/ prehistoric utilization or sig- nificant modern investigation is not eligible. Page 77 24 VII. HOW TO APPLY THE CRITERIA CONSIDERATIONS the property is of a type that is b. a building or structure removed INTRODUCTION usually excluded from the Na- from its original location but tional Register. The sections that which is significant primarily for Certain kinds of properties are not follow also list specific examples architectural value, or which is usually considered for listing in the of properties of each type. If the surviving structure most im- National Register: religious proper- your property clearly does not fit portantly associated with a his- ties, moved properties, birthplaces one of these types, then it does toric person or event; or and graves, cemeteries, reconstructed not need to meet any special re- c. a birthplace or grave of a histori- properties, commemorative proper- quirements. cal figure of outstanding impor- ties, and properties achieving signifi- • If your property does fit one of tance if there is no appropriate cance within the past fifty years. these types, then it must meet the site or building directly associ- These properties can be eligible for special requirements stipulated ated with his or her productive listing, however, if they meet special for that type in the Criteria Con- life; or requirements, called Criteria Consid- erations, in addition to meeting the siderations. d. a cemetery which derives its pri- regular requirements (that is, being mary significance from graves of eligible under one or more of the four CRITERIA persons of transcendent impor- Criteria and possessing integrity). tance, from age, from distinctive Part VII provides guidelines for CONSIDERATIONS* design features, from association determining which properties must with historic events; or meet these special requirements and Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, for applying each Criteria Consider- or graves of historical figures, proper- e. a reconstructed building when ation. ties owned by religious institutions or accurately executed in a suitable The Criteria Considerations need to used for religious purposes, structures environment and presented in a be applied only to individual proper- that have been moved from their dignified manner as part of a res- ties. Components of eligible districts original locations, reconstructed toration master plan, and when do not have to meet the special historic buildings, properties prima- no other building or structure requirements unless they make up the rily commemorative in nature, and with the same association has majority of the district or are the focal properties that have achieved signifi- survived; or point of the district. These are the cance within the past fifty years shall f. a property primarily commemo- general steps to follow when applying not be considered eligible for the rative in intent if design, age, tra- the Criteria Considerations to your National Register. However, such dition, or symbolic value has in- property: properties will qualify if they are vested it with its own exceptional integral parts of districts that do meet significance; or, • Before looking at the Criteria the criteria or if they fall within the Considerations, make sure your following categories: g. a property achieving significance property meets one or more of within the past 50 years if it is of a. a religious property deriving pri- the four Criteria for Evaluation exceptional importance. mary significance from architec- and possesses integrity. tural or artistic distinction or his- • If it does, check the Criteria Con- torical importance; or *The Criteria Considerations are taken from siderations (next column) to see if the Criteria for Evaluation, found in the Code of FederalReg11latious,Title 36, Part 60. Page 78 25 CRITERIA CONSIDERATION A: RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES A religious property is eligible if it derives its primary significzince from architectural or artistic distinction or historiczil importzince. Examples of Properties that MUST UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Co11sidemtion A: Reli- APPLYING gious Properties CRITERIA CRITERIA CONSIDERATION • A historic church where r.11 impor- CONSIDERATION e,1e11toccurred, tant 11011-rcligio11s A: RELIGIOUS such as a spccclz/Jy Patrick Henry. A: RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES • A historic synagogue that is sig11ifi- ca11tfor architecture. PROPERTIES A religious property requires • A pri'rntc residence is the site of a justification on architectural, artistic, 111ecti11g important to religious lzis- ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC or historic grounds to avoid any tory. EVENTS appearance of judgment by govern- • A co111111ercial block that is rnrrentlt; ment about the validity of ziny reli- owned as a11i11vest111e11t property b:\j gion or belief. Historic significance A religious property can be eligible a religious i11stitutio11. under Criterion A for any of three rea- for a religious property cannot be established on the merits of a reli- • A historic district i11wlziclzrcligio11 sons: gious doctrine, but rather, for archi- was eitlzera predo111ina11t or signifi- • It is significant under a theme in tectural or artistic values or for cant fu11ctio11duri11gthe period of the history of religion having important historic or cultural forces sig11ifica11cc. secular scholarly recognition; or that the property represents. A Example of Properties that DO NOT religious property's significance • It is significant under another his- Need to Meet Criteria Consideration torical theme, such as explora- under Criterion A, B, C, or D must be A: Religious Properties judged in purely secular terms. A tion, settlement, social philan- religious group may, in some cases, thropy, or education; or • A residential or commercial district be considered a cultural group whose that rnrrently co11tai11s a smal/ 11111 • It is significantlyassociated with activities are significant in areas ber of clrnrclzesthat are not a pre- traditional cultural values. broader than religious history. do111ina11tfeature of the district. Criteria Consideration for Reli- • A town meeting hall that serves as gious Properties applies: the center of comm1111ity activity and houses a wide variety of public • If the resource was constructed and priuate meetings, including reli- by a religious institution. gio11sservice. The resource is sig- nificant for architecture and politics, • If the resource is presently and the religious f1111ctionis inciden- owned by a religious institution tal. or is used for religious purposes. • A town hall, significant for politics • If the resource was owned by a from 1875 to 1925, that housed religious institution or used for religious services during the 1950s. religious purposes during its Pe- Since the religio11sfunction occurred riod of Significance. after the Period of Significance, the • If Religion is selected as an Area Criteria Consideration does not ap- of Significance. ply. 26 Page 79 RELIGIOUS HISTORY TRADITIONAL CULTURAL ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC VALUES PERSONS A religious property can be eligible if it is directly associated with either a When evaluating properties A religious property can be eligible specific event or a broad pattern in the associated with traditional cultures, it for association with a person impor- history of religion. is important to recognize that often tant in religious history, if that these cultures do not make clear significance has scholarly, secular Eligible distinctions between what is secular recognition or is important in other and what is sacred. Criteria Consider- historic contexts. Individuals who • The site of a convention at ation A is not intended to exclude would likely be considered significant which a significant denomina- traditional cultural resources merely are those who formed or significantly tional split occurred meets the because they have religious uses or influenced an important religious requirements of Criteria Con- are considered sacred. A property or institution or movement, or who were sideration A. Also eligible is a natural feature important to a tradi- important in the social, economic, or property that illustrates the tional culture's religion and mythol- political history of the area. Proper- broad impact of a religious in- ogy is eligible if its importance has ties associated with individuals stitution on the history of a lo- been ethnohistorically documented important only within the context of a cal area. and if the site can be clearly defined. single congregation and lacking Not Eligible It is critical, however, that the activi- importance in any other historic ties be documented and that the context would not be eligible under • A religious property cannot be associations not be so diffuse that the Criterion B. eligible simply because was physical resource cannot be ad- the place of religious services equately defined. 8 for a community, or was the Eligible oldest structure used by a reli- gious group in a local area. Eligible • A religious property strongly associated with a religious • A specific location or natural leader, such as George feature that an Indian tribe be- Whitefield or Joseph Smith, is OTHER HISTORICAL lieves to be its place of origin eligible. THEMES and that is adequately docu- mented qualifies under Crite- ria Consideration A. A religious property can be eligible if it is directly associated with either a specific event or a broad pattern that is significant in another historic context. A religious property would also qualify if it were significant for its associations that illustrate the importance of a particular religious group in the social, cultural, eco- nomic, or political history of the area. Eligibility depends on the importance of the event or broad pattern and the role of the specific property. Eligible • A religious property can qualify for its important role as a temporary hospital during the Revolutionary War, or if its school was significant in the history of education in the community. Not Eligible • A religious property is not sig- nificant in the history of edu- cation in a community simply because it had occasionally served as a school. 8 For more information on applying Criteria Consideration A to traditional cultural properties, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. Page 80 27 ELIGIBILITY FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR ABILITY TO REFLECT ARCHITECTURAL OR INFORMATION POTENTIAL HISTORIC ASSOCIATIONS ARTISTIC DISTINCTION A religious property, whether a As with all eligible properties, A religious property significant for district, site, building, structure, or religious properties must physically its architectural design or construc- object, is eligible if it can yield impor- represent the period of time for which tion should be evaluated as are other tant information about the religious th ey are significance . For instance, a properties under Criterion C; that is, practices of a cultural group or other recent building that houses an older it should be evaluated within an historic themes . This kind of property congregation cannot qualify based on established architectural context and, should be evaluated as are other the historic activit ies of the group if necessary, compared to other properties under Criterion D, in because the current building does not properties of its type, period, or relation to similar properties, other convey the earlier history. Likewi se, method of construction. (See "Com- information sources, and existing data an older building that housed the paring Related Properties" in Part V: gaps. historic activities of the congregation How to Evaluatea Property Within Its is eligible if it still physically repre- Historic Context.) sents the period of the congregation's Eligible significance. However, if an older building has been remodeled to the • A 19th century camp meeting Eligible extent that its appearance dates from site that could provide infor- the time of the remodeling, it can only • A historic camp meeting dis- mation about the length and be eligible if the period of significance trict that meets the require- intensity of site use during re- corresponds with the period of the ments of Criterion C for its sig- vivals of the Second Great alterations . nificance as a type of construc- Awakening is eligible. tion is eligible. • Rock cairns or medicine wheels that had a historic reli- Eligible gious mythological function • A church built in the 18th cen- and can provide information tury and altered beyond recog- about specific cultural beliefs nition in the 19th century is are eligible. eligible only if the additions are important in themselves as an example of late 19th cen- tury architecture or as a reflec- tion of an important period of the congregation 's growth. Not Eligible • A synagogue built in the 1920s cannot be eligible for the im- portant activities of its congre- gation in the 18th and 19th centuries. It can only be eli- gible for significance obtained after its construction date . • A rural 19th century frame church recently sheathed in brick is not eligible because it has lost its characteristic ap- pearance and therefore can no longer convey its 19th century significance, either for archi- tectural value or historic asso- ciation . Criteria Consideration A - Religious Properties. A religiouspropertycan qualify as an exceptionto the Criteriaif it is architecturallysignificant. The Church of the Navity in Rosedale,IbervilleParish,Louisiana,qualifiedas a rareexamplein the State of a 19th century smallframe GothicRevival style chapel. (RobertObier) 28 Page 81 CRITERIA CONSIDERATION B: MOVED PROPERTIES A property removed from its original or historically significant location can be eligible if it is significant primarily for architectural value or it is the surviving property most importantly associated with a historic person or event. Examples of Properties that MUST UNDERSTANDING APPLYING Meet Criteria Consideration B: Moved Properties CRITERIA CRITERIA • A resourcemouedfrom one location CONSIDERATION CONSIDERATION 011 its original site to mzotlzcr loca- tion on tlzeproperty, during or after B:MOVED B: MOVED its Period of Significance. PROPERTIES PROPERTIES • A district in wlziclza significant number of resourceslzauebeen moved from their original location. The National Register criteria limit ELIGIBILITY FOR the consideration of moved properties • A district wlziclzhas one moved because significance is embodied in ARCHITECTURAL VALUE building that makes an especially locations and settings as well as in the significant contribution to the dis- properties themselves. Moving a A moved property significant trict. property destroys the relationships under Criterion C must retain enough historic features to convey its architec- • A portable resource,such as a slzip or between the property and its sur- tural values and retain integrity of railroadcar, tlzat is relocatedto a roundings and destroys associations design, materials, workmanship, place incompatible with its original with historic events and persons. A feeling, and association. function. move may also cause the loss of historic features such as landscaping, • A portable resource,such as a slzip or foundations, and chimneys, as well as railroadcar, whose importance is loss of the potential for a~sociated critically linked to its historic loca- archeological deposits. Properties tion or route and that is moved. that were moved before their period of significance do not need to meet the Examples of Properties that DO NOT special requirements of Criteria Need to Meet Criteria Consideration Consideration B. B: Moved Properties One of the basic purposes of the • A property that is moved prior to its National Register is to encourage the Period of Significance. preservation of historic properties as living parts of their communities. In • A district in which only a small per- keeping with this purpose, it is not centage of typical buildings in a dis- usual to list artificial groupings of trict are moved. buildings that have been created for • A moved building that is part of a purposes of interpretation, protection, complex but is of less significance or maintenance. Moving buildings to than the remaining (unmoved) such a grouping destroys the integrity buildings. of location and setting, and can create a false sense of historic development. • A portable resource,such as a ship or railroadcar, that is eligible under Criterion C and is moved within its natural setting (water, rails, etc.). • A property that is raised or lowered on its foundations. Page 82 29 ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC SETTING AND ASSOCIATION DEPENDENT AS SOCIA TIO NS ENVIRONMENT ON THE SITE A moved property significant In addition to the requirements For a property whose design values under Criteria A or B must be demon- above, moved properties must still or historical associations are directly strated to be the surviving property have an orientation, setting, and dependent on its location, any mov~ most importantly associated with a general environment that are compa- will cause the property to lose its particular historic event or an impor- rable to those of the historic location integrity and prevent it from convey- tant aspect of a historic person's life. and that are compatible with the ing its significance. The phrase "most importantly associ- property's significance. ated" means that it must be the single surviving property that is most Eligible closely associated with the event or Eligible • A farm structure significant with the part of the person's life for • A property significant as an only as an example of·a which he or she is significant. example of mid-19th century method of construction pecu- rural house type can be eli- liar to the local area is still eli- gible after a move, provided gible if it is moved within that Eligible that it is placed on a lot that is local area and the new setting • A moved building occupied by sufficient in size and character is similar to that of the original an business woman during the to recall the basic qualities of location. majority of her productive ca- the historic environment and Not Eligible reer would be eligible if the setting, and provided that the other extant properties are a building is sited appropriately • A 19th century rural residence house she briefly inhabited in relation to natural and that was designed around par- prior to her per(od of signifi- manm.ade surroundings. ticular topographicfeatures, cance and a commercial build- reflecting that time period's Not Eligible ing she owned after her retire- ideals of environment, is not ment. • A rural house that is moved eligible if moved. into an urban area and a Not Eligible bridge that is no longer situ- • A moved building associated ated over a waterway are not with the beginning of rail eligible. transportation in a community is not eligible if the original railroad station and ware- house remained intact on their original sites. Page 83 30 PROPERTIES DESIGNED TO ARTIFICIALLY CREATED PORTIONS OF PROPERTIES BE MOVED GROUPINGS A moved portion of a building, A property designed to move or a An artificially created grouping of structure, or object is not eligible property frequently moved during its buildings, structures, or objects is not because, as a fragment of a larger historic use must be located in a eligible unless it has achieved signifi- resource, it has lost integrity of historically appropriate setting in cance since the time of its assemblage. design setting, materials, workman- 1 order to qualify, retaining its integrity It cannot be considered as a reflection ship, and location. of setting, design, feeling, and associa- of the time period when the indi- tion. Such properties include ,rntomo- vidual buildings were constructed. biles, railroad cars and engines, and ships. Eligible Eligible • A grouping of moved historic buildings whose creation • A ship docked in a harbor, a marked the beginning of a ma- locomotive on tracks or in a jor concern with past lifestyles railyard, and a bridge relo- can qualify as an early attempt cated from one body of water at historic preservation and as to another are eligible. an illustration of that genera- tion's values. Not Eligible Not Eligible • A ship on land in a park, a bridge placed in a pasture, or a • A rural district composed of a locomotive displayed in an in- farmhouse on its original site door museum are not eligible. and a grouping of historic barns recently moved onto the property is not eligible. Page 84 31 CRITERIA CONSIDERATION C: BIRTHPLACES OR GRAVES A birthplace or grave of a historical figure is eligible if the person is of outstanding importance and if there is no other appropriate site or building directly associated with his or her productive life. UNDERSTANDING APPLYING LAST SURVIVING PROPERTY ASSOCIATED CRITERIA CRITERIA WITH A PERSON CONSIDERATION CONSIDERATION When an geographical areil strongly associated with a person of C: BIRTHPLACES C: BIRTHPLACES outstanding importance has lost all other properties directly associated AND GRAVES AND GRAVES with his or her formative years or productive life, a birthplace or grave Birthplaces and grilves often ilttilin PERSONS OF may be eligible. importance ilS reflections of the origins OUTSTANDING of importilnt persons or ilS lasting memorials to them. The lives of IMPORTANCE persons significant in our past nor- mally are recognized by the National The phrase "a historical figure of Register through listing of properties outstanding importance" means that illustrative of or associilted with that in order for a birthplace or grave lo person's productive life's work. qualify, it cannot be simply the Birthplaces and graves, as properties birthplace or grave of a person that represent the beginning and the significant in our past (Criterion B). It end of the life of distinguished indi- must be the birthplace or grave of an viduills, may be temporally and individual who was of outstanding geogrilphically for removed from the importance in the history of the locill person's significilnt activities, ilnd area, State, or nation. The birthplace therefore are not usually considered or grilve of an individual who was eligible. one of several people ilctive in some aspect of the history of a community, Examples of Properties that MUST a state, or the Nation would not be Meet Criteria Consideration C: Birth- eligible. places and Graves • The birthplace of a significant person who lived elsewhereduring his or her Period of Significance. • A grave that is nominated for its as- sociation with the significant person buried in it. • A grave that is nominated for infor- mation potential. Examples of Properties that DO NOT Need to Meet Criteria Consideration C: Birthplaces and Graves • A house that was inhabited by a sig- nificant person for his or her entire lifetime. • A grave locatedon the grounds of the house where a significant person spent his or her productive years. 32 Page 85 ELIGIBILITY FOR OTHER ASSOCIATIONS A birthplace or grave can also be eligible if it is significant for reasons other than association with the productive life of the person in question. It can be eligible for signifi- cance under Criterion A for associa- tion with important events, under Criterion B for association with the productive lives of other important persons, or under Criterion C for architectural significance. A birth- place or grave can also be eligible in rare cases if, after the passage of time, it is significant for its commemorative value. (See Criteria Consideration F for a discussion of commemorative properties.) A birthplace or grave can also be eligible under Criterion D if it contains important information on research, e.g., demography, pathol- Criteria Consideration C - Birthplaces. A birthplace of a historical figure is eligible ogy, mortuary practices, socioeco- if the person is of outstanding importance and there is no other appropriate site or nomic status differentiation. building associated with his or her productive life. The Walter Reed Birthplace, Gloucester vicinity, Gloucester County, Virginia is the most appropriate remaining building associated with the life of the man who, in 1900, discovered the cause and mode of transmission of the great scourge of the tropics, yellow fever. (Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission) 33 Page 86 CRITERIACONSIDERATION D: CEMETERIES A cemetery is eligible if it derives its primary significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events. Examples of Properties that MUST UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Consideration D: APPLYING CRITERIA Cemeteries CRITERIA CONSIDERATION • A cemetery that is nominatedindi- vidually for Criterion A, B, or C. CONSIDERATION D: CEMETERIES D: CEMETERIES Examples of Properties that DO NOT A cemetery is a collection of graves Need to Meet Criteria Consideration PERSONS OF that is marked by stones or other D: Cemeteries TRANSCENDENT artifacts or that is unmarked but recognizable by features such as • A cemeterythat is nominatedalong IMPORTANCE fencing or depressions, or through with its associatedchurch, but the maps, or by means of testing. Cem- church is the main resourcenomi- A cemetery containing the graves eteries serve as a primary means of an nated. of persons of transcendent importance individual's recognition of family • A cemeterythat is nominated under may be eligible. To be of transcendent history and as expressions of collec- CriterionD for informationpoten- importance the persons must have tive religious and/ or ethnic identity . tial. been of great eminence in their fields Because cemeteries may embody of endeavor or had a great impact values beyond personal or family- • A cemeterythat is nominatedas part upon the history of their community , specific emotions, the National of a district but is not the focal point State , or nation. (A single grave that Register criteria allow for listing of of the district. is the burial place of an important cemeteries under certain conditions. person and is located in a larger cemetery that does not qualify under this Criteria Consideration should be treated under Criteria Consideration C: Birthplaces and Graves .) Eligible • A historic cemetery containing the graves of a number of per- sons who were exceptionally significant in determining the course of a State's political or economic history during a par- ticular period is eligible. Not Eligible • A cemetery containing graves of State legislators is not eli- gible if they simply performed the daily business of State gov- ernment and did not have an outstanding impact upon the Criteria Consideration D - Cemeteries. The Hancock Cemetery, Quincy, Norfolk nature and direction of the County, Massachusetts meets the exception to the Criteria becauseit derives its State's history . primary significance from its great age (the earliest burialsdatefrom 1640)and from the distinctive designfeatures found in its rich collection of late 17th and early 18th century funerary art. (N. HobartHolly) Page 87 34 ELIGIBILITY ON THE BASIS ELIGIBILITY FOR ELIGIBILITY FOR OFAGE ASSOCIATION WITH INFORMATION POTENTIAL EVENTS Cemeteries can be eligible if they Cemeteries, both historic and have achieved historic significance for Cemeteries may be associated with prehistoric, can be eligible if they their relative great age in a particular historic events including specific have the potential to yield important geographic or cultural context. important events or general events information. The information must be that illustrate broad patterns. important within a specific context and the potential to yield information Eligible must be demonstrated. Eligible A cemetery can qualify if it has • A cemetery dating from a potential to yield important informa- community's original 1830s • A cemetery associated with an tion provided that the information it settlement can attain signifi- important Civil War battle is contains is not available in extant cance from its association with eligible. documentary evidence. that very early period. • A cemetery associated with the settlement of an area by an ethnic or cultural group is eli- Eligible ELIGIBILITY FOR DESIGN gible if the movement of the • A cemetery associated with the group into the area had an im- settlement of a particular cul- Cemeteries can qualify on the basis portant impact, if other prop- tural group will qualify if it of distinctive design values. These erties associated with that has the potential to yield im- values refer to the same design values group are rare, and if few portant information about sub- addressed in Criterion C and can documentary sources have jects such as demography, include aesthetic or technological survived to provide informa- variations in mortuary prac- achievement in the fields of city tion about the group's tices, or the study of the cause planning, architecture, landscape history. of death correlated with nutri- architecture, engineering, mortuary tion or other variables. art, and sculpture. As for all other Not Eligible nominated properties, a cemetery • A cemetery associated with a must clearly express its design values battle in the Civil War does and be able to convey its historic not qualify if the battle was appearance. not important in the history of the war. Eligible • A cemetery associated with an area's settlement by an ethnic • A Victorian cemetery is eli- or cultural group is not eli- gible if it clearly expresses the gible if the impact of the group aesthetic principlesrelated to on the area cannot be estab- funerary design for that pe- lished, if other extant historic riod, through such features as properties better convey asso- the overall plan, landscaping, ciation with the group, or if statuary, sculpture, fencing, the information that the cem- buildings, and grave markers. etery can impart is available in Not Eligible documentary sources. • A cemetery cannot be eligible for design values if it no longer conveys its historic ap- pearance because of the intro- duction of new grave markers. Page 88 35 INTEGRITY NATIONAL CEMETERIES its history, the age of the cemetery is not a factor in judging eligibility, Assessing the integrity of a historic National Cemeteries administered although integrity must be present. cemetery entails evaluating principal by the Veterans Administration are A national cemetery or a portion of design features such as plan, grave eligible because they have been a national cemetery that has only been markers, and any related elements designated by Congress as primary set aside for use in the future is not (such as fencing). Only that portion memorials to the military history of eligible. of a historic cemetery that retains its the United States. Those areas within historic integrity can be eligible. If the a designated national cemetery that overall integrity has been lost because have been used or prepared for the of the number and size of recent grave reception of the remains of veterans markers, some features such as and their dependents, as well as any buildings, structures, or objects that landscaped areas that immediately retain integrity may be considered as surround the graves may qualify. individual properties if they are of Because these cemeteries draw their such historic or artistic importance significance from the presence of the that they individually meet one or remains of military personnel who more of the requirements listed have served the country throughout above. Page 89 36 CRITERIA CONSIDERATION E: RECONTRUCTED PROPERTIES A reconstructed property is eligible when it is accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dig- nified manner as part of a restoration master plan and when no other building or structure with the same associations has survived. All three of these requirements must be met. UNDERSTANDING APPLYING SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT CRITERIA CRITERIA The phrase "suitable environment" refers to: 1) the physical context CONSIDERATION E: CONSIDERATION E: provided by the historic district and 2) any interpretive scheme, if the RECONSTRUCTED RECONSTRUCTED historic district is used for interpretive purposes. This means that the PROPERTIES PROPERTIES reconstructed property must be located at the same site as the original. "Reconstruction" is defined as the It must also be situated in its original ACCURACY OF THE grou'ping of buildings, structures, and reproduction of the exact form and detail of a vanished building, struc- RECONSTRUCTION objects (as many as are extant), and ture, object, or a part thereof, as it that grouping must retain integrity. appeared at a specific period of time. The phrase "accurately executed" In addition, the reconstruction must Reconstructed buildings fall into two means that the reconstruction must be not be misrepresented as an authentic categories: buildings wholly con- based upon sound archeological, historic property. structed of new materials and build- architectural, and historic data con- ings reassembled from some qistoric cerning the historic construction and and some new materials. Both 1catego- appearance of the resource. That Eligible ries of properties present problems in documentation should include both • A reconstructed plantation meeting the integrity requirements of analysis of any above or below ground manager's office building is the National Register criteria. material and research in written and considered eligible because it other records. is located at its historic site, Examples of Properties that MUST grouped with the remaining Meet Criteria Consideration E: Recon- historic plantation buildings structed Properties and structures, and the planta- • A property in which most or all of the tion as a whole retains integ- fabric is not original. rity. Interpretation of the plantation district includes an • A district in which an important re- explanation that the manager's source or a significant number of re- office is not the original build- sources are reconstructions. ing, but a reconstruction. Examples of Properties that DO NOT Not Eligible Need to Meet Criteria Consideration E: Reconstructed Properties • The same reconstructed plan- tation manager's office build- • A property that is remodeledor reno- ing would not qualify if it vated and still has the majority of its were rebuilt at a location dif- original fabric. ferent from that of the original building, or if the district as a whole no longer reflected the period for which it is signifi- cant, or if a misleading inter- pretive scheme were used for the district or for the recon- struction itself. Page 90 37 RESTORATION MASTER LAST SURVIVING RECONSTRUCTIONS PLANS PROPERTY OF A TYPE OLDER THAN FIFTY YEARS Being presented "as part of a This consideration also stipulates After the passage of fifty years, a restoration master plan" means that: that a reconstruction can qualify if, in reconstruction may attain its own I) a reconstructed property is an addition to the other requirements, no significance for what it reveals about essential component in a historic other building, object, or structure the period in which it was built, district and 2) the reconstruction is with the same association has sur- rather than the historic period it was part of an overall restoration plan for vived. A reconstruction that is part of intended to depict. On that basis, a an entire district. "Restoration" is a restoration master plan is appropri- reconstruction can possibly qualify defined as accurately recovering the ate only if: I) the property is the only under any of the Criteria. form and details of a property and its one in the district with which a setting as it appeared at a particular particular important activity or event period by removing later work or by has been historically associated or replacing missing earlier work (as 2) no other property with the same opposed to completely rebuilding the associative values has survived. property). The master plan for the entire property must emphasize restoration, not reconstruction. In other words, the master plan for the entire resource would not be accept- able under this consideration if it called for reconstruction of a majority of the resource. Eligible • A reconstructed plantation manager's office is eligible if the office were an important component of the plantation and if the reconstruction is one element in an overall plan for restoring the plantation and if no other building or structure with the same associations has survived. • The reconstruction of the plan- tation manager's office build- ing can be eligible only if the majority of buildings, struc- tures, and objects that com- prised the plantation are ex- tant and are being restored. For guidance regarding resto- ration see the Secretaryof the Interior's Standardsfor Historic PreservationProjects. 38 Page 91 CRITERIACONSIDERATION F: COMMEMORATIVEPROPERTIE A property primarily commemorative in intent can be eligible if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own historical significance. UNDERSTANDING Examples of Properties that MUST Meet Criteria Consideration F: APPLYING CRITERIA Commemorative Properties CRITERIA CONSIDERATION F: • Afunction property whose sole or pri111ary is commemorative or in CONSIDERATION F: which the commemorative function COMMEMORATIVE is of pri111arysignificance. COMMEMORATIVE PROPERTIES Examples of Properties that DO NOT PROPERTIES Need to Meet Criteria Consideration F: Commemorative Properties Commemorative properties are ELIGIBILITY FOR DESIGN designed or constructed after the • A resource that has a non- occurrence of an important historic co111mc111orativeprimary function event or after the life of an important A commemorative property derives or significance. its design from the aesthetic values of person. They are not directly associ- ated with the event or with the • A single marker that is a component the period of its creation. A com- person's productive life, but serve as of a district (whether contributing or memorative property, therefore, may evidence of a later generation's assess- non-contributing). be significant for the architectural, artistic, or other design qualities of its ment of the past. Their significance comes from their value as cultural own period in prehistory or history. expressions at the date of their cre- ation. Therefore, a commemorative property generally must be over fifty Eligible years old and must possess signifi- • A commemorative statue situ- cance based on its own value, not on ated in a park or square is eli- the value of the event or person being gible if it expresses the aesthet- memorialized. ics or craftsmanship of the pe- riod when it was made, meet- ing Criterion C. • A late 19th century statue erected on a courthouse square to commemorate Civil War vet- erans would qualify if it reflects that era's shared perception of the noble character and valor of the veterans and their cause. This was commonly conveyed by portraying idealized soldiers or allegorical figures of battle, victory, or sacrifice. Page 92 39 ELIGIBILITY FOR AGE, INELIGIBILITY AS THE TRADITION, OR SYMBOLIC Not Eligible LAST REPRESENTATIVE OF VALUE • A commemorative marker AN EVENT OR PERSON erected in the past by a cul- A commemorative property cannot tural group at the site of an The loss of properties directly qualify for association with the event event in its history would not associated with a significant event or or person it memorializes. A com- be eligible if the marker were person does not strengthen the case memorative property may, however, significant only for association for consideration of a commemorative acquire significance after the time of with the event, and it had not property. Unlike birthplaces and its creation through age, tradition, or become significant itself graves, a commemorative property symbolic value. This significance must through tradition. usually has no direct historic associa- be documented by accepted methods • A building erected as a monu- tion. The commemorative property of historical research, including ment to an important histori- can qualify for historic association written or oral history, and must meet cal figure would not be eligible only if it is clearly significant in its one or more of the Criteria. if its only value lay in its asso- own right, as stipulated above. ciation with the individual, and it has not come to symbol- Eligible ize values, ideas, or contribu- • A commemorative marker tions valued by the generation erected by a cultural group that erected the monument. that believed the place was the • A commemorative marker site of its origins is eligible if, erected to memorialize an for subsequent generations of event in the community's the group, the marker itself be- history would not qualify sim- came the focus of traditional ply for its association with the association with the group's event it memorialized. historic identity. • A building erected as a monu- ment to an important histori- cal figure will qualify if through the passage of time the property itself has come to symbolize the value placed upon the individual and is widely recognized as a re- minder of enduring principles or contributions valued by the generation that erected the monument. • A commemorative marker erected early in the settlement or development of an area will qualify if it is demonstrated that, because of its relative great age, the property has long been a part of the historic identity of the area. Page 93 40 CRITERIACONSIDERATION G: PROPERTIESTHAT HAVE ACHIEVED SIGNIFICANCE WITHIN THE LAST FIFl'YYEARS 9 A property achieving significance within the last fifty years is eligible if it is of exceptional importance. Examples of Properties that MUST Examples of Properties that DO NOT UNDERSTANDING Meet Criteria Consideration G: Prop- Need to Meet Criteria Consideration CRITERIA erties that Have Achieved Signifi- cance Within the Last Fifty Years G: Properties that Have Achieved Significance Within the Last Fifty CONSIDERATION • A property that is less than fifty Years years old. • A resourcewhose construction be- G: PROPERTIES • A property that continues to achieve gan over fifty years ago, but the completion overlaps the fifty year pe- THAT HAVE significance into a period less than fifty years beforethe nomination. riod by a few years or less. ACHIEVED • A property that has non-contiguous • A resource that is significant for its plan or design, which is over fifty Periods of Significance, one of which SIGNIFICANCE is less than fifty years before the years old, but the actual completion nomination. of the project overlaps the fifty year WITHIN THE LAST period by a few years. • A property that is more than fifty • A historic district in which a few FIFTY YEARS years old and had no significance properties are newer than fifty years until a period less than fifty years before the nomination. old, but the majority of properties The National Register Criteria for and the most important Periodof Evaluation exclude properties that Significance are greater than fifty achieved significance within the last years old. fifty years unless they are of excep- tional importance. Fifty years is a general estimate of the time needed to develop historical perspective and to evaluate significance. This consider- ation guards against the listing of properties of passing contemporary interest and ensures that the National Register is a list of truly historic places. 9 For more information on Criteria Consideration G, refer to National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evafllati11gand Nominating Properties that Have Achieved Significa11ceWithi11the Last Fifty Years. Page 94 41  The phrase "exceptional impor- VETERANS APPLYING tance" does not require that the property be of national significance. ADMINISTRATION CRITERIA It is a measure of a property's impor- HOSPITALS tance within the appropriate historic CONSIDERATION context, whether the scale of that Hospitals less than fifty years old context is local, State, or national. G: PROPERTIES that were constructed by the Veterans Bureau and Veterans Administration THAT HAVE Eligible can be evaluated because the collec- tion of forty-eight facilities built be- ACHIEVED • The General Laundry Building tween 1920 and 1946 has been ana- in New Orleans, one of the few lyzed in a study prepared by the SIGNIFICANCE remaining Art Deco Style agency. The study provided a historic buildings in that city, was and architectural context for develop- WITHIN THE PAST listed in the National Register ment of veteran's care within which when it was forty years old be- hospitals could be evaluated. The ex- FIFTY YEARS cause of its exceptional impor- ceptional importance of specific indi- tance as an example of that ar- vidual facilities constructed within the chitectural style. past fifty years could therefore be de- ELIGIBILITY FOR termined based on their role and their EXCEPTIONAL present integrity. IMPORTANCE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE COMP ARIS ON WITH The phrase "exceptional impor- RELATED PROPERTIES tance" may be applied to the extraor- A property that has achieved dinary importance of an event or to significance within the past fifty years In justifying exceptional impor- an entire category of resources so can be evaluated only when sufficient tance, it is necessary to identify other fragile that survivors of any age are historical perspective exists to deter- properties within the geographical unusual. Properties listed that had mine that the property is exception- area that reflect the same significance attained significance in less than fifty ally important. The necessary per- or historic associations and to deter- years include: the launch pad at Cape spective can be provided by scholarly mine which properties best represent Canaveral from which men first research and evaluation, and must the historic context in question. traveled to the moon, the home of consider both the historic context and Several properties in the area could nationally prominent playwright the specific property's role in that become eligible with the passage of Eugene O'Neill, and the Chrysler context. time, but few will qualify now as Building (New York) significant as the In many communities, properties exceptionally important. epitome of the "Style Moderne" such as apartment buildings built in architecture. the 1950s cannot be evaluated because there is no scholarly research avail- POST-WORLD WAR II Properties less than fifty years old that qualify as exceptional because the able to provide an overview of the PROPERTIES entire category of resources is fragile nature, role, and impact of that include a recent example of a tradi- building type within the context of Properties associated with the post- tional sailing canoe in the Trust historical and architectural develop- World War II era must be identified Territory of the Pacific Islands, where ments of the 1950s. and evaluated to determine which because of rapid deterioration of ones in an area could be judged materials, no working Micronesian NATIONAL PARK SERVICE exceptionally important. For ex- canoes exist that are more than twenty ample, a public housing complex may RUSTIC ARCHITECTURE be eligible as an outstanding expres- years old. Properties that by their nature can last more than fifty years sion of the nation's post-war urban Properties such as structures built policy. A military installation could cannot be considered exceptionally in a rustic style by the National Park important because of the fragility of be judged exceptionally important Service during the 1930s and 1940s because of its contribution to the Cold the class of resources. can be evaluated because a broad War arms race. A church building in study, National Park Service Rustic a Southern city may have served as Architecture (1977), provides the the pivotal rallying point for the city's context for evaluating properties of most famous civil rights protest. A this type and style. Specific examples post-war suburban subdivision may were listed in the National Register be the best reflection of contemporary prior to reaching fifty years of age siting and design tenets in a metro- when documentation concerning the politan area. In each case, the nomi- individual properties established their nation preparer must justify the significance within the historical and exceptional importance of the property architectural context of the type and relative to similar properties in the style. community, State, or nation. 42 Page 95 ELIGIBILITY FOR HISTORIC DISTRICTS PROPERTIES MORE THAN INFORMATION POTENTIAL FIFTY YEARS IN AGE, LESS Properties which have achieved THAN FIFTY YEARS IN A property that has achieved significance within the past fifty years significance within the past fifty years can be eligible for the National SIGNIFICANCE can qualify under Criterion D only if Register if they are an integral part of it can be demonstrated that the a district which qualifies for National Properties that are more than fifty information is of exceptional impor- Register listing. This is demonstrated years old, but whose significant tance within the appropriate context by documenting that the property associations or qualities are less than and that the property contains data dates from within the district's fifty vears old, must be treated under superior to or different from those defined Period of Significance and the, fifty year consideration. obtainable from other sources, includ- that it is associated with one or more ing other culturally related sites. An of the district's defined Areas of archeological site less than fifty years Significance. Eligible old may be eligible if the former Properties less than fifty years old • A building constructed early inhabitants are so poorly documented may be an integral part of a district in the twentieth century (and that information about their lifeways when there is sufficient perspective to having no architectural impor- is best obtained from examination of consider the properties as historic. tance), but that was associated the material remains. This is accomplished by demonstrat- with an important person ing that: 1) the district's Period of during the 1950s, must be Significance is justified as a discrete evaluated under Criteria Con- Eligible period with a defined beginning and sideration G because the Pe- end, 2) the character of the district's • Data such as the rate of adop- riod of Significance is within historic resources is clear!v defined tion of modern technological the past fifty years. Such a and assessed, 3) specific resources in innovations by rural tenant property would qualify if the the district are demonstrated to date farmers in the 1950s may not person was of exceptional im- from that discrete era, and 4) the be obtainable through inter- portance. majority of district properties are over views with living persons but fifty years old. In these instances, it is could be gained by examina- not necessary to prove exceptional tion of homesites. importance of either the district itself REQUIREMENT TO MEET Not Eligible or the less-than-fifty-year-old proper- ties. Exceptional importance still THE CRITERIA, • A recent archeological site must be demonstrated for district REGARDLESS OF AGE such as the remains of a where the majority of properties or f\:avajo sheep corral used in the major Period of Significance is less Properties that are less than fifty the 1950s would not be consid- than fifty years old, and for less-than- years old and are not exceptionally ered exceptionally significant fifty-year-old properties which are important will not automatically for its information potential on nominated individually. qualify for the National Register once animal husbandry if better in- they are fifty years old. In order to be formation on the same topic is listed in the National Register, all available through ethno- properties, regardless of age, must be graphic studies or living infor- demonstrated to meet the Criteria for mants. Evaluation. Page 96 43 VIII. HOW TO EVALUATE THE INTEGRITY OF A PROPERTY INTRODUCTION SEVEN ASPECTS OF DESIGN INTEGRITY Design is the combination of Integrity is the ability of a prop- elements that create the form, plan, erty to convey its significance. To be • Location space, structure, and style of a listed in the National Register of • Design property. It results from conscious Historic Places, a property must not decisions made during the original only be shown to be significant under • Setting conception and planning of a prop- the National Register criteria, but it • Materials erty (or its significant alteration) and also must have integrity. The evalua- applies to activities as diverse as tion of integrity is sometimes a • Workmanship community planning, engineering, subjective judgment, but it must • Feeling architecture, and landscape architec- always be grounded in an under- ture. Design includes such elements standing of a property's physical • Association as organization of space, proportion, features and how they relate to its scale, technology, ornamentation, and significance. materials. Historic properties either retain UNDERSTANDING A property's design reflects historic integrity (this is, convey their signifi- functions and technologies as well as cance) or they do not. Within the THE ASPECTS OF aesthetics. It includes such consider- concept of integrity, the National ations as the structural system; Register criteria recognizes seven INTEGRITY massing; arrangement of spaces; aspects or qualities that, in various pattern of fenestration; textures and combinations, define integrity. colors of surface materials; type, LOCATION To retain historic integrity a amount, and style of ornamental property will always possess several, detailing; and arrangement and type Location is the place where the and usually most, of the aspects. The of plantings in a designed landscape. historic property was constructed or retention of specific aspects of integ- Design can also apply to districts, the place where the historic event rity is paramount for a property to whether they are important primarily occurred. The relationship between convey its significance. Determining for historic association, architectural the property and its location is often whic/z of these aspects are most value, information potential, or a important to understanding why the important to a particular property combination thereof. For districts property was created or why some- requires knowing why, where, and significant primarily for historic thing happened. The actual location when the property is significant. The association or architectural value, of a historic property, complemented following sections define the seven design concerns more than just the by its setting, is particularly important aspects and explain how they com- individual buildings or structures in recapturing the sense of historic bine to produce integrity. located within the boundaries. It also events and persons. Except in rare cases, the relationship between a applies to the way in which buildings, property and its historic associations sites, or structures are related: for is destroyed if the property is moved. example, spatial relationships be- (See Criteria Consideration Bin Part tween major features; visual rhythms VII: How to Apply the Criteria Consider- in a streetscape or landscape ations, for the conditions under which plantings; the layout and materials of a moved property can be eligible.) walkways and roads; and the relation- ship of other features, such as statues, water fountains, and archeological sites. Page 97 44 SETTING recent structure fabricated to look ASSOCIATION historic is not eligible. Likewise, a Setting is the physical environ- property whose historic features and Association is the direct link ment of a historic property. Whereas materials have been lost and then between an important historic event location refers to the specific place reconstructed is usually not eligible. or person and a historic property. A where a property was built or an event (See Criteria Consideration E in Part property retains association if it is the occurred, setting refers to the character VII: How to Apply tlze Criteria Consider- place where the event or activity of the place in which the property ations for the conditions under which occurred and is sufficiently intact to played its historical role. It involves a reconstructed property can be convey that relationship to an ob- how, not just where, the property is eligible.) server. Like feeling, association situated and its relationship to sur- requires the presence of physical rounding features and open space. WORKMANSHIP features that convey a property's Setting often reflects the basic historic character. For example, a physical conditions under which a Workmanship is the physical Revolutionary War battlefield whose property was built and the functions it evidence of the crafts of a particular natural and manmade elements have was intended to serve. In addition, culture or people during any given remained intact since the 18th centurv the way in which a property is posi- period in history or prehistory. It is will retain its quality of association ° tioned in its environment can reflect the evidence of artisans' labor and with the battle. the designer's concept of nature and skill in constructing or altering a Because feeling and association aesthetic preferences. building, structure, object, or site. depend on individual perceptions, The physical features that constitute Workmanship can apply to the their retention alone is never sufficient the setting of a historic property can property as a whole or to its indi- to support eligibility of a property for be either natural or manmade, includ- vidual components. It can be ex- the National Register. ing such elements as: pressed in vernacular methods of • Topographic features (a gorge or the crest of a hill); construction and plain finishes or in highly sophisticated configurations ASSESSING • Vegetation; and ornamental detailing. It can be based on common traditions or INTEGRITY IN • Simple manmade features (paths innovative period techniques. Workmanship is important because PROPERTIES or fences); and it can furnish evidence of the technol- • Relationships between buildings ogy of a craft, illustrate the aesthetic Integrity is based on significance: and other features or open space. principles of a historic or prehistoric why, where, and when a property is period, and reveal individual, local, important. Only after significance is These features and their relation- fully established can you proceed to ships should be examined not only regional, or national applications of both technological practices and the issue of integrity. within the exact boundaries of the The steps in assessing integrity are: property, but also between the prop- aesthetic principles. Examples of erty and its surroundini;:s. This is workmanship in historic buildings • Define the essential physical fea- pa;ticularly important for districts. include tooling, carving, painting, tures that must be present for a graining, turning, and joinery. Ex- property to represent its signifi- amples of workmanship in prehistoric cance. MATERIALS contexts include Paleo-Indian clovis projectile points; Archaic period • Determine whether the essential Materials are the physical ele- beveled adzes; Hopewellian birdstone physical features are visible ments that were combined or depos- pipes; copper earspools and worked enough to convey their signifi- ited during a particular period of bone pendants; and Iroquoian effigy cance. time and in a particular pattern or pipes. configuration to form a historic • Determine whether the property property. The choice and combination needs to be compared with simi- of materials reveal the preferences of FEELING lar properties. And, those who created the property and • Determine, based on the signifi- indicate the availability of particular Feeling is a property's expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a cance and essential physical fea- types of materials and technologies. tures, which aspects of integrity Indigenous materials are often the particular period of time. It results from the presence of physical features are particularly vital to the prop- focus of regional building traditions erty being nominated and if they and thereby help define an area's that, taken together, convey the property's historic character. For are present. sense of time and place. A property must retain the key example, a rural historic district Ultimately, the question of integ- exterior materials dating from the retaining original design, materials, rity is answered by whether or not the period of its historic significance. If workmanship, and setting will relate property retains the identity for the property has been rehabilitated, the feeling of agricultural life in the which it is significant. the historic materials and significant 19th century. A grouping of prehis- features must have been preserved. toric petroglyphs, unmarred by The property must also be an actual graffiti and intrusions and located on historic resource, not a recreation; a its original isolated bluff, can evoke a sense of tribal spiritual life. Page 98 45 DEFINING THE ESSENTIAL of features, artifacts, and spatial in the National Register-cl historic relationships to the extent that these concert hclll noted for the beauty of its PHYSICAL FEATURES remains are able to illustrate a site cluditorium and its fine acoustic type, time period, method of construc- qualities would be the type of prop- All properties change over time. It tion, or work of a master. erty that if it were to lose its interior, is not necessary for a property to it would lose its Vcllue as a historic retain all its historic physical features CRITERION D resource. In other cclses, the over- or characteristics. The property must clrching significance of cl property's retain, however, the essential physical For properties eligible under exterior rnn overcome the adverse features that enable it to convey its Criterion D, including archeological effect of the loss of an interior. historic identity. The essentia( sites and standing structures studied In borderline cclses particular physical featu!es are those features for their information potential, less attention is paid to the significance of that define both why a property is attention is given to their overall the property and the remaining significant (Applicable Criteria and historic features. Areas of Significance) and zohc11it was condition, than it they were being significant (Periods of Significance). considered under Criteria A, B, or C. They are the features without which a Archeological sites, in particular, do HISTORIC DISTRICTS property can no longer be identified not exist today exactly as they were as, for instance, a late 19th century formed. The/e are al{vays cu ltural 0 For a district to retain integrity as a dairy barn or an early 20th century and natural processes that cllter the whole, the majority of the compo- commercial district. deposited mcltericlls clnd their spclticll nents thclt make up the district's relationships. historic character must possess For properties eligible under integrity even if they are individucllly CRITERIA A AND B Criterion D, integrity is based upon undistinguished. In addition, the the property's potenticll to yield relationships among the district's A property that is significant for its specific dcltcl thclt clddresses importclnt components must be substclnticllly historic association is eligible if it reseclrch questions, such clSthose unchanged since the period of signifi- retains the essential physical features identified in the historic context cclnce. that made up its character or appear- documentation in the Stcltewide When evaluating the impclct of ance during the period of its associa- Comprehensive Preservation Plan or intrusions upon the district's integ- tion with the important event, histori- in the reseclrch design for projects rity, take into consideration the cal pattern, or person(s). If the meeting the Secretary of tire Interior's relative number, size, scclle, design, property is a site (such as a treaty site) Standards for Arc/1cologicalDocumenta- clnd location of the components that where there are no material cultural tion. do not contribute to the significance. remains, the setting must be intact. A district is not eligible if it contains Archeological sites eligible under so mclny cllterations or new intrusions Criteria A and B must be in overall INTERIORS thclt it no longer conveys the sense of good condition with excellent preser- cl historic environment. vation of features, artifacts, and Some historic buildings are virtu- cllly defined by their exteriors, and A component of a district cclnnot spatial relationships to the extent that contribute to the significance if: these remains are able to convey their contribution to the built environ- important associations with events or ment can be appreciclted even if their • it has been substantially altered persons. interiors are not accessible. Examples since the period of the district's of this would include early exclmples significclnce or of steel-framed skyscraper construc- CRITERION C tion. The greclt advclnce in American • it does not shclre the historic clsso- technology and engineering mclde by ciations of the district. A property important for illustrat- these buildings can be read from the ing a particular architectural style or outside. The change in American construction technique must retain populclr tclste during the 19th century, VISIBILITY OF PHYSICAL most of the physical features that from the symmetry and simplicity of FEATURES constitute that style or technique. A clrchitectural styles bclsed on classiccll property that has lost some historic precedents, to the expressions of High Properties eligible under Criteria materials or details can be eligible if it Victorian styles, with their combincl- A, B, clnd C must not only retain their retains the majority of the features tion of textures, colors, and asym- essential physical fecltures, but the that illustrate its style in terms of the metrical forms, is readily apparent fecltures must be visible enough to massing, spatial relationships, propor- from the exteriors of these buildings. convey their significance. This means tion, pattern of windows and doors, Other buildings "are" interiors. that even if a property is physiccllly texture of materials, and ornamenta- The Cleveland Arcade, that soaring intact, its integrity is questionable if tion. The property is not eligible, 19th century glass-covered shopping its significant features are concealed however, if it retains some basic clrec1,can only be appreciated from the under modern construction. Archeo- features conveying massing but has inside. Other buildings in this logical properties clre often the lost the majority of the features that category would be the great covered exception to this; by nature they once characterized its style. train sheds of the 19th century. usually do not require visible features Archeological sites eligible under In some cases the loss of an interior to convey their significance. Criterion C must be in overall good will disqualify properties from listing condition with excellent preservation Page 99 46 NON-HISTORIC EXTERIORS SUNKEN VESSELS RARE EXAMPLES OF A PROPERTY TYPE If the historic exterior building A sunken vessel can be eligible material is covered by non-historic under Criterion C as embodying the Comparative information is material (such as modern siding), the distinctive characteristics of a method particularly important to consider property can still be eligible if the of construction if it is structurally when evaluating the integrity of a significant form, features, and detail- intact. A deterioratedsunken vessel, property that is a rare surviving ing are not obscured. If a property's no longer structurally intact, can be example of its type. The property exterior is covered by a non-historic eligible under Criterion D if the must have the essential physical false-front or curtain wall, the prop- remains of either the vessel or its features that enable it to convey its erty will not qualify under Criteria A, contents is capable of yielding signifi- historic character or information. The B, or C, because it does not retain the cant information. For further infor- rarity and poor condition, however, of visual quality necessary to convey mation, refer to National Register other extant examples of the type may historic or architectural significance. Bulletin: Nominating Historic Vessels justify accepting a greater degree of Such a property also cannot be and Shipwrecks to the National Register alteration or fewer features, provided considered a contributing element in a of Historic Places. that enough of the property survives historic district, because it does not for it to be a significant resource. add to the district's sense of time and Natural Features place. If the false front, curtain wall, A natural feature that is associated or non-historic siding is removed and with a historic event or trend, such as Eligible the original building materials are a rock formation that served as a trail intact, then the property's integrity marker during westward expansion, • A one-room schoolhouse that can be re-evaluated. must retain its historic appearance, has had all original exterior unobscured by modern construction siding replaced and a replace- PROPERTY CONTAINED or landfill. Otherwise it is not eli- ment roof that does not exactly gible, even though it remains intact. replicate the original roof pro- WITHIN ANOTHER file can be eligible if the other PROPERTY COMPARING SIMILAR extant rare examples have re- ceived an even greater degree Some properties contain an earlier PROPERTIES of alteration, such as the sub- structure that formed the nucleus for division of the original one- later construction. The exterior For some properties, comparison room plan. property, if not eligible in its own with similar properties should be considered during the evaluation of Not Eligible right, can qualify on the basis of the interior property only if the interior integrity. Such comparison may be • A mill site contains informa- property can yield significant infor- important in deciding what physical tion on how site patterning re- mation about a specific construction features are essential to properties of flects historic functional re- technique or material, such as that type. In instances where it has quirements, but parts of the rammed earth or tabby. The interior not been determined what physical site have been destroyed. The property cannot be used as the basis features a property must possess in site is not eligible for its infor- for eligibility if it has been so altered order for it to reflect the significance mation potential if a compari- that it no longer contains the features of a historic context, comparison with son of other mill sites reveals that could provide important infor- similar properties should be under- more intact properties with mation, or if the presence of impor- taken during the evaluation of integ- complete information. tant information cannot be demon- rity. This situation arises when strated. scholarly work has not been done on a particular property type or when surviving examples of a property type are extremely rare. (See Comparing Related Properties in Part V: How to Evaluate a Property within its Historic Context.) Page 100 47 DETERMINING THE RELEVANT ASPECTS OF Not Eligible Eligible INTEGRITY A mid-19th century water- A 19th century wooden covered powered mill important for its bridge, important for illustrating Each type of property depends on association with an area's indus- a construction type, is eligible if: certain aspects of integrity, more than trial development is not eligible if: • the essential features of its de- others, to express its historic signifi- sign are intact, such as abut- cance. Determining which of the • it has been moved (Location, ments, piers, roof configura- aspects is most important to a particu- Setting, Feeling, and Associa- tion, and trusses (Design, lar property requires an understand- tion), or Workmanship, and Feeling), ing of the property's significance and and its essential physical features. • substantial amounts of new materials have been incorpo- • most of the historic materials CRITERIA A AND B rated (Materials, Workman- are present (Materials, Work- ship, and Feeling), or manship, and Feeling), and A property important for associa- • it no longer retains basic de- • evidence of the craft of tion with an event, historical pattern, sign features that convey its wooden bridge technology re- or person(s) ideally might retain some historic appearance or mains, such as the form and features of all seven aspects of integ- function (Design, Workman- assembly technique of the rity: location, design, setting, materi- ship, and Feeling). trusses (Workmanship). als, workmanship, feeling, and • Since the design of a bridge re- association. Integrity of design and lates directly to its function as workmanship, however, might not be CRITERION C a transportation crossing, it is as important to the significance, and also important that the bridge would not be relevant if the property A property significant under still be situated over a water- were a site. A basic integrity test for a Criterion C must retain those physi- way (Setting, Location, Feel- property associated with an important cal features that characterize the type, ing, and Association). event or person is whether a historical contemporary would recognize the period, or method of construction that Not Eligible property as it exists today. the property represents. Retention of For archeological sites that are design, workmanship, and materials For a 19th century wooden cov- eligible under Criteria A and B, the will usually be more important than ered bridge, important for its seven aspects of integrity can be location, setting, feeling, and associa- construction type, replacement applied in much the same way as they tion. Location and setting will be of some materials of the flooring, are to buildings, structures, or objects. important, however, for those proper- siding, and roofing would not It is important to note, however, that ties whose design is a reflection of necessarily damage its integrity. their immediate environment (such as Integrity would be lost, however, the site must have demonstrated its ability to convey its significance, as designed landscapes and bridges). if: opposed to sites eligible under Crite- For archeological sites that are • the abutments, piers, or trusses rion D where only the potential to eligible under Criterion C, the seven were substantially altered (De- yield information is required. aspects of integrity can be applied in sign, Workmanship, and Feel- much the same way as they are to ing) or buildings, structures, or objects. It is important to note, however, that the • considerable amounts of new Eligible site must have demonstrated its ability materials were incorporated to convey its significance, as opposed (Materials, Workmanship, A mid-19th century waterpowered and Feeling). mill important for its association to sites eligible under Criterion D with an area's industrial develop- where only the potential to yield • Because environment is a ment is eligible if: information is required. strong factor in the design of this property type, the bridge • it is still on its original site would also be ineligible if it no (Location), and longer stood in a place that • the important features of its conveyed its function as a setting are intact (Setting), and crossing (Setting, Location, Feeling, and Association). • it retains most of its historic materials (Materials), and • it has the basic features expres- sive of its design and function, such as configuration, propor- tions, and window pattern (Design). 48 Page 101 CRITERION D Eligible A lithic scatter site important for For properties eligible under yielding data on lithic technology Criterion D, setting and feeling may during the Late Archaic period not have direct bearing on the can be eligible if: property's ability to yield important information. Evaluation of integrity • the site contains lithic probably will focus primarily on the debitage, finished stone tools, location, design, materials, and hammerstones, or antler perhaps workmanship. flakers (Material and Design), and • the site contains datable mate- Eligible rial (Association). A multicomponent prehistoric Not Eligible site important for yielding data on changing subsistence patterns A lithic scatter site important for can be eligible if: yielding data on lithic technology during the Late Archaic period • floral or faunal remains are would not be eligible if: found in clear association with cultural material (Materials • the site contains natural de- and Association) and posits of lithic materials that are impossible to distinguish • the site exhibits stratigraphic from culturally modified lithic separation of cultural compo- material (Design) or nents (Location). • the site does not contain any Not Eligible temporal diagnostic evidence A multicomponent prehistoric that could link the site to the site important for yielding data Late Archaic period (Associa- on changing subsistence patterns tion). would not be eligible if: • floral or fauna! remains were so badly decomposed as to make identification impossible (Materials), or • floral or fauna! remains were disturbed in such a manner as to make their association with cultural remains ambiguous (Association), or • the site has lost its strati- graphic context due to subse- quent land alterations (Location). Page 102 49 IX. SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION A property being nominated to the 3. That represent some great idea National Register may also merit or ideal of the American people; NATIONAL consideration for potential designa- tion as a National Historic Landmark. or HISTORIC Such consideration is dependent upon 4. That embody the distinguishing the stringent application of the characteristics of an architectural LANDMARK type specimen exceptionally following distinct set of criteria (found in the Code of FederalRegula- valuable for a study of a period, EXCLUSIONS tions, Title 36, Part 65). style or method of construction, or that represent a significant, Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, distinctive and exceptional entity graves of historical figures, properties NATIONAL whose components may lack in- owned by religious institutions or dividual distinction; or used for religious purposes, structures HISTORIC 5. That are composed of integral that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed his- LANDMARKS parts of the environment not suf- ficiently significant by reason of toric buildings and properties that have achieved significance within the CRITERIA historical association or artistic merit to warrant individual rec- past fifty years are not eligible for des- ognition but collectively compose ignation. If such properties fall The quality of national significance an entity of exceptional historical within the following categories they is ascribed to districts, sites, buildings, or artistic significance, or out- may, nevertheless, be found to structures, and objects that possess standingly commemorate or il- qualify: exceptional value or quality in illus- lustrate a way of life or culture; 1. A religious property deriving its trating or interpreting the heritage of or primary national significance the United States in history, architec- from architectural or artistic dis- ture, archeology, engineering, and 6. That have yielded or may be likely to yield information of ma- tinction or historical importance; culture and that possess a high degree or of integrity of location, design, jor scientific importance by re- setting, materials, workmanship, vealing new cultures, or by shed- 2. A building or structure removed feeling, and association, and: ding light upon periods of occu- from its original location but pation over large areas of the which is nationally significant 1. That are associated with events United States. Such sites are primarily for its architectural that have made a significant con- those which have yielded, or merit, or for association with per- tribution to, and are identified which may reasonably be ex- sons or events of transcendent with, or that outstandingly repre- pected to yield, data affecting importance in the nation's his- sent, the broad national patterns theories, concepts and ideas to a tory and the association conse- of United States history and from major degree. quential; or which an understanding and ap- preciation of those patterns may 3. A site of a building or structure be gained; or no longer standing but the per- son or event associated with it is 2. That are associated importantly of transcendent importance in the with the lives of persons nation- nations's history and the associa- ally significant in the history of tion consequential; or the United States; or 50 Page 103  4. A birthplace, grave or burial if it texts are identified similarly; and district. Note that the language is is of a historical figure of tran- comparative evaluation is carried out more restrictive than that of the scendent national significance on the same principles enumerated in National Register Criterion in requir- and no other appropriate site, Part V. ing that a candidate in architecture be building, or structure directly as- There are some differences between "a specimen exceptionally valuable for sociated with the productive life National Register and National the study of a period, style, or method of that person exists; or Historic Landmarks Criteria. The of construction" rather than simply following is an explanation of how embodying distinctive characteristics 5. A cemetery that derives its pri- of a type, period, or method of con- each Landmark Criterion compares mary national significance from struction. With regard to historic with its National Register Criteria graves of persons of transcendent districts, the Landmarks Criterion counterpart: importance, or from an exception- requires an entity that is distinctive ally distinctive design or an ex- and exceptional. Unlike National ceptionally significant event; or CRITERION 1 Register Criterion C, this Criterion will 6. A reconstructed building or en- not qualify the works of a master, per This Criterion relates to National semble of buildings of extraordi- se, but only such works which are Register Criterion A. Both cover nary national significance when exceptional or extraordinary. Artistic properties associated with events. accurately executed in a suitable value is considered onlv in the context The Landmark Criterion, however, environment and presented in a of history's judgement in order to requires that the events associated dignified manner as part of a res- avoid current conflicts of taste. with the property be outstandingly toration master plan, and when represented by that property and that no other buildings or structures the property be related to the broad CRITERION 5 with the same association have national patterns of U.S. history. survived; or Thus, the quality of the property to This Criterion does not have a strict 7. A property primarily commemo- convey and interpret its meaning counterpart among the National rative in intent if design, age, tra- must be of a higher order and must Register Criteria. It may seem redun- dition, or symbolic value has in- relate to national themes rather than dant of the latter part of Landmark vested it with its own national the narrower context of State or local Criterion 4. It is meant to cover historical significance; or themes. collective entities such as Greenfield Village and historic districts like New 8. A property achieving national CRITERION 2 Bedford, Massachusetts, which qualify significance within the past 50 for their collective association with a years if it is of extraordinary na- nationally significant event, move- This Criterion relates to National tional importance. · ment, or broad pattern of national Register Criterion B. Both cover development. properties associated with significant people. The Landmark Criterion COMPARING THE differs in that it specifies that the CRITERION 6 association of a person to the property NATIONAL in question be an important one and The National Register counterpart that the person associated with the of this is Criterion D. Criterion 6 was HISTORIC property be of national significance. developed specifically to recognize archeological sites. All such sites must LANDMARKS CRITERION 3 address this Criterion. The following are the qualifications that distinguish CRITERIA AND THE this Criterion from its National Regis- This Criterion has no counterpart ter counterpart: the information NATIONAL among the National Register Criteria. yielded or likely to be yielded must be It is rarely, if ever, used alone. While of major scientific importance by REGISTER not a landmark at present, the Liberty revealing new cultures, or by shedding Bell is an object that might be consid- light upon periods of occupation over CRITERIA ered under this Criterion. The appli- large areas of the United States. Such cation of this Criterion obviously requires the most careful scrutiny and sites should be expected to yield data In general, the instructions for affecting theories, concepts, and ideas to a preparing a National Register nomina- would apply only in rare instances involving ideas and ideals of the major degree. tion and the guidelines stated in this The data recovered or expected to bulletin for applying the National highest order. be recovered must make a major Register Criteria also apply to Land- contribution to the existing corpus of mark nominations and the use of the CRITERION 4 information. Potentially recoverable Landmark criteria. While there are data must be likely to revolutionize or specific distinctions discussed below, This Criterion relates to National substantially modify a major theme in Parts IV and V of this bulletin apply Register Criterion C. Its intent is to history or prehistory, resolve a sub- equally to National Register listings qualify exceptionally important works stantial historical or anthropological and Landmark nominations. That is, of architecture or collective elements debate, or close a serious gap in a the categories of historic properties are of architecture extraordinarily signifi- major theme of U.S. history or prehis- defined the same way; historic con- cant as an ensemble, such as a historic tory. Page 104 51  architecture, or 2) the persons or EXCLUSIONS AND events with which they are associated EXCLUSION 4 are of transcendent national signifi- EXCEPTIONS TO cance and the association is conse- This exclusion relates to Criteria Consideration C of the National quential. THE EXCLUSIONS Transcendent significance means Register Criteria. The only difference is that a burial place qualifies for an order of importance higher than Landmark designation only if, in This section of the National His- that which would ordinarily qualify a addition to other factors, the person toric Landmarks Criteria has its person or event to be nationally buried is of transcendent national counterpart in the National Register's significant. A consequential associa- importance. "Criteria Considerations." The most tion is a relationship to a building that When evaluating properties at the abundant difference between them is had an evident impact on events, national level for designation as a the addition of the qualifiers "na- rather than a connection that was National Historic Landmark, please tional," "exceptional," or "extraordi- incidental and passing. refer to the National Historic Land- nary" before the word significance. marks outline, History and Prehistory Other than this, the following are the EXCLUSION 3 in the National Park System and the most notable distinctions: National Historic Landmarks Program, This pertains to the site of a struc- 1987. (For more information about EXCLUSION 2 ture no longer standing. There is no the National Historic Landmarks counterpart to this exclusion in the program, please write to Department Buildings moved from their National Register Criteria. In order of the Interior, National Park Service, original location, qualify only if one of for such a property to qualify for National Historic Landmarks, 1849 C two conditions are met: 1) the build- Landmark designation it must meet Street, NW, NC400, Washington, DC ing is nationally significant for the second condition cited for Exclu- 20240.) sion 2. Page 105 52 X. GLOSSARY Associative Qualities - An aspect of a Historic Context - An organizing Listing - The formal entry of a prop- property's history that links it with structure for interpreting history erty in the National Register of historic events, activities, or that groups information about Historic Places. See also, Registra- persons. historic properties that share a tion. Code of Federal Regulations - common theme, common geo- Nomination - Official recommenda- Commonly referred to as "CFR." graphical area, and a common time tion for listing a property in the The part containing the National period. The development of National Register of Historic Register Criteria is usually referred historic contexts is a foundation for Places. to as 36 CFR 60, and is available decisions about the planning, from the National Park Service. identification, evaluation, registra- Property Type - A grouping of tion, and treatment of historic properties defined by common CLG - Certified Local Government. properties, based upon compara- physical and associative c1ttributes. Culture - A group of people linked tive historic significance. Registration - Process by which a together by shared values, beliefs, Historic Integrity - The unimpaired historic property is documented and historical associations, together ability of a property to convey its and nominated or determined with the group's social institutions historical significance. eligible for listing in the National and physical objects necessary to Register. the operation of the institution. Historic Property - See Historic Resource. Research Design - A statement of Cultural Resource - See Historic proposed identification, documen- Resource. Historic Resource - Building, site, district, object, or structure evalu- tation, investigation, or other Evaluation - Process by which the ated as historically significant. treatment of a historic property significance and integrity of a that identifies the project's goals, historic property are judged and Identification - Process through methods and techniques, expected eligibility for National Register which information is gathered results, c1nd the relationship of the listing is determined. about historic properties. expected results to other proposed activities or treatments. Page 106 53 XI. LIST OF NATIONAL REGISTER BULLETINS The Basics How to Apply National Register Criteria for Evaluation* Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Form Part A: How to Complete the National Register Form* Part B: How to Complete the National Register Multiple Property Documentation Form* Researching a Historic Property * Property Types Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aids to Navigation* Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating and Registering America's Historic Battlefields Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Historical Archeological Sites Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Historic Aviation Properties Guidelines for Evaluating and Registering Cemeteries and Burial Places How to Evaluate and Nominate Designed Historic Landscapes * Guidelines for Identifying, Evaluating and Registering Historic Mining Sites How to Apply National Register Criteria to Post Offices* Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Properties Associated with Significant Persons Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Properties That Have Achieved Significance Within the Last Fifty Years* Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Rural Historic Landscapes * Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties * Nominating Historic Vessels and Shipwrecks to the National Register of Historic Places Technical Assistance Defining Boundaries for National Register Properties* Guidelines for Local Surveys: A Basis for Preservation Planning * How to Improve the Quality of Photographs for National Register Nominations National Register Casebook: Examples of Documentation* Using the UTM Grid System to Record Historic Sites To order these publications, write to: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service, 1849 C St., NC 400, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240, or e-mail at: nr_reference@nps.gov. Publications marked with an asterisk(*) are also available in electronic form at www.cr.nps.gov/nr. 54 Page 107 U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 2005-717-788 STAFF MEMORANDUM HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board FROM: Rob Wiener, Associate Preservation Planner DATE: April 10, 2026 RE: 279 Congress Street - PUBLIC HEARING – Alterations PROJECT ID: HP-00061-2026 MEETING: April 15, 2026 Owner: St. Paul’s Parish Church Architect: Carol De Tine, Carriage House Studio Peter Lofgren, Lofgren Consulting Architect. LLC A sign announcing the Historic Preservation Board’s meeting on April 15, 2026 was posted at the property on April 6, 2026, and 45 notices were sent to neighboring property owners within 100 feet of the subject property. _________________________________________ PROJECT SCOPE Replace existing asphalt shingle roofing on the Rectory with Brava artificial slate tiles; Replace existing galvanized metal open valleys with copper; Replace ridge caps with either copper or Brava ridge cap components; Install new copper gutters on all eaves. Dimensions: Area of Roof: Approximately 2000 square feet Material Specifications: Trim Painted wood, copper flashing Roofing Brava roof tiles (composite artificial slate, made of recycled plastic) Metals Copper valleys, ridges, and gutters _________________________________________ SUMMARY OF HISTORIC CONTEXT St. Paul’s Church and Rectory are connected Gothic Revival structures that were constructed at 279-281 Congress in 1869, after the previous church was destroyed in the fire of 1866. St. Paul’s is a local landmark in the India Street Historic District and is listed on the National Register. While the church is stone with a slate roof, the Rectory is sided with wood made to look like stone blocks; 1 Page 108 the roof was originally shingled with wood, but is now covered with 3-tab asphalt shingles. Figure 1: Partial Map of India Street Historic District showing location of 279 Congress Street Figure 2: 279 Congress Street – Google Satellite View 2 Page 109 The front of the Rectory is near the edge of the sidewalk, and the main entrance is on the southwest side, from an inset porch lined with wooden gothic arches. The stone church is set further back, leaving a small lawn at the corner of Congress and Locust Streets. The entrance to the church is located off Locust Street at the northwest corner of the building, well back from Congress Street. Figure 3: 279 Congress Street – September, 2024 - Google Street View Steeply roofed dormers with Gothic arched windows interrupt the roof of the rectory on the street-face and the southwest side, with open valleys covered in what appears to be galvanized metal. Caps on hips and ridges are of asphalt shingle. Additional information on the India Street Historic District can be found on the city website: https://www.portlandmaine.gov/1548/Historic-Designations _________________________________________ PREVIOUS REVIEW BY HISTORIC PRESERVATION STAFF As noted in the applicants’ cover letter, comprehensive repairs and renovations are ongoing at the Rectory, with much of the work either being interior alterations, repairs and replacement in-kind, or minor alterations reviewed administratively. Window changes on the rear façade of the Rectory and two new skylights on the northeast roof, already approved under a building permit, have no visibility from a public way. Staff have met with the architects and representatives of the church on site, and discussed alternatives for the rectory roofing with the architects on several occasions. 3 Page 110 ___________________________________ STAFF COMMENTS The proposal before the Board is part of a comprehensive renovation of the St. Paul’s Rectory intended to reverse the effects of deferred maintenance, adapt the interior space to meet today’s programmatic needs, and improve the envelope to maintain historic character and better resist weather, by installing high quality, durable, and historically compatible repairs. As the applicants’ cover letter states, the proposed Brava roofing is a compromise because their preferred material, natural slate, would be too heavy for the structural capacity of the existing roof framing. Staff discussed roofing options with the architects and church representatives, including that: ● Sanborn Fire Insurance maps indicated that the original roof was wooden shingles; ● There is no evidence that the Rectory ever had a slate roof in the past; ● The church has the right to replace the existing roofing with asphalt shingles, including architectural shingles, in a compatible color of their choice; ● Staff discussed the potential for a fire-rated wood shingle roof with the applicant. While feasible and consistent with the original material, it was identified as a costly and uncommon solution For the applicants, natural slate would represent an upgrade in terms of durability, low maintenance, attractiveness, and compatibility with the slate on the church roof. The Brava roof tiles would likely satisfy those goals, each to a lesser degree than true slate would. Staff notes that the proposed consistent width Brava tiles would be 12” wide like the tabs on the existing shingles. It is also worth noting that the steepest Brava ridge and hip cap is 45 degrees, and the dormer pitches are so steep that copper caps may be needed. In deciding whether the proposed roofing meets the Standards for Alterations, the Board should discuss whether the material of the roof (whether wood, asphalt, or slate) should be considered a character-defining or distinctive feature of the building, and then whether Standards C and F can be interpreted to allow replacement with slate. Then, if natural slate is found to be an acceptable roofing material, the Board should confirm whether the proposed modern, alternate material is a reasonable visual match for the natural version. Staff notes that the proposed use of copper for valleys and ridges, provided to conduct runoff, seems compatible with the proposed roof. While the original materials are not known, the existing system includes galvanized metal valleys and limited sections of half-round gutter, and the proposed copper represents a durable alternative. Staff notes that uncoated copper, allowed to weather naturally, may be compatible, practical, and consistent with the Standards. Also, regardless of whether gutters are an original feature, they may well be a practical necessity for managing water. 4 Page 111 _________________________________________ MOTION FOR CONSIDERATION I move to [APPROVE / CONDITIONALLY APPROVE / DENY] application HP-00061-2026 for roof replacement at 279 Congress Street on the basis of submitted documentation, plans, and specifications; information provided in the staff memo; and the attached findings by the Historic Preservation Board [AS WRITTEN / AS AMENDED DURING THE MEETING ON MARCH 4, 2026] that the project [MEETS / FAILS TO MEET] subsection 16.6.3 standards for review of alterations [WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:] 1) [CONDITIONS] ___________________________________ ATTACHMENTS 1. Cover Letter and Project Description 2. Drawings and Photos 3. Product Information 4. Gutter Details 5. Draft Findings of Fact 5 Page 112 20 March 2026 Historic Preservation Application Cover Letter The Parish of St. Paul’s Anglican Church is undergoing a complete renovation of the Rectory. As we progress in the renovation and restoration process, we are seeking guidance and approval for the replacement of the existing asphalt roof. Consideration of Original Wood & Current Asphalt Roof Materials We understand from Historic Preservation Program staff members Evan Schueckler and Rob Weiner that historic Sanborn insurance maps indicate that the Rectory originally had a wood shingle roof and therefore, replacement with wood shingles could be approved at the staff (rather than Board) level. We also understand from staff that we can replace the current asphalt shingle roof with a new asphalt shingle roof with staff (rather than Board) approval, but the Church prefers to upgrade from asphalt shingles. Proposed Slate Roof Material Our strong preference is for a slate roof. As we research the use of slate for the roof, we reference the historic house located at 387 Spring Street. This house designed by Henry Rowe and constructed in 1845 is very similar in style to the Rectory built in 1868. It has a beautiful slate roof. We feel that a slate roof on the Rectory would enhance the visual integrity of the structure, be consistent with the slate roof on St. Paul’s Church and provide a long-term maintenance free solution to the roof. In consulting a structural engineer, we discovered that the existing roof structure cannot support replacement with real slate. For that reason, we are requesting the use of a simulated slate material manufactured by Brava Roof Tiles. We look forward to presenting our proposed improvements to the Historic Preservation Board and gaining your support for this project. Respectfully submitted, Peter Lofgren President Lofgren Consulting Architect, LLC. Page 113  St. Paul's Church Rectory Renovation CLIENT ST. PAUL'S CHURCH REV. ANDREW FAUST 279 CONGRESS STREET PORTLAND MAINE 04101 207.710.6484 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT PETER LOFGREN 119 ELTON STREET PROVIDENCE RI 02906 617.388.4081 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM CONTRACTOR GIL AGUILAR GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES 31 CONGRESS STREET PAWTUCKET RI 02860 401.413.7088 CIVIL ENGINEER QWEN HASKELL, INC. PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS 390 US RT 1 UNIT 10 FALMOUTH ME 04105 207.774.0424 CURRENT PHOTO OF 387 SPRING STREET CURRENT VIEW OF THE RECTORY DESIGNED BY HENRY ROWE BUILT 1845 WITH SIDING FROM 2007 RENOVATION RECTORY RENOVATION HISTORIC 24 FEB 2026 No REVISIONS: NO. DATE DESCRIPTION AERIAL VIEW ZONING PLAT# 021-E008001 DRAWING NAME: HISTORIC COMMISSION REVIEW DATE: SCALE: PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00 ST. PAUL'S RECTORY PRIOR TO CURRENT CHURCH AND RECTORY BUILT IN 1868 DRAWING NUMBER: A5.00 2002 RENOVATION GEORGE PELHAM ARCHITECT Page 114  St. Paul's Church Rectory Renovation SLATE AT RIDGE AND HIP CLIENT ST. PAUL'S CHURCH REV. ANDREW FAUST 279 CONGRESS STREET PORTLAND MAINE 04101 COPPER VALLEY FLASHING 207.710.6484 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT COPPER PETER LOFGREN GUTTER 119 ELTON STREET AND DOWNSPOUT PROVIDENCE RI 02906 617.388.4081 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM CONTRACTOR GIL AGUILAR GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES 31 CONGRESS STREET PAWTUCKET RI 02860 401.413.7088 CIVIL ENGINEER 8" QWEN HASKELL, INC. PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS 3'-0" 390 US RT 1 UNIT 10 FALMOUTH ME 04105 207.774.0424 1 A5.04 EAST Elevation SOUTH Elevation 2 1 1/4" = 1'-0" 1/4" = 1'-0" NEW SKYLIGHTS RECTORY RENOVATION HISTORIC 24 FEB 2026 No REVISIONS: NO. DATE DESCRIPTION DRAWING NAME: EXTERIOR ELEVATIONS - WEST & SOUTH DATE: SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00 DRAWING NUMBER: NORTH ELEVATION 3 A5.01 1/4" = 1'-0" Page 115  St. Paul's Church Rectory Renovation CLIENT ST. PAUL'S CHURCH REV. ANDREW FAUST 279 CONGRESS STREET PORTLAND MAINE 04101 207.710.6484 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT PETER LOFGREN 119 ELTON STREET PROVIDENCE RI 02906 617.388.4081 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM CONTRACTOR GIL AGUILAR GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES 31 CONGRESS STREET PAWTUCKET RI 02860 401.413.7088 COPPER RIDGE CAPS CIVIL ENGINEER QWEN HASKELL, INC. PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS 390 US RT 1 UNIT 10 FALMOUTH ME 04105 207.774.0424 BRAVA SIMULATED SLATE TILES WASHINGTON RECTORY RENOVATION HISTORIC 24 FEB 2026 No REVISIONS: NO. DATE DESCRIPTION LIGHT ARENDALE DRAWING NAME: WASHINGTON BRAVA SLATE OPTIONS ARENDALE COPPER VALLEYS DATE: SCALE: PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00 DRAWING NUMBER: LIGHT ARENDALE GRAPHITE A5.02 Page 116 Beautifully Authentic High-Performance Roofing Slate Roof Tile Page 117 Arendale Atlantic Cottage Graphite Light Arendale Onyx Page 118 Washington European Pine Green Mother Nature Inspired Hues Standard color line of natural color blends gives an authentic look of Premium Blend Premium Blend natural slate tile. Premium striking color blends complimenting homes that strive for a Sandstone Tuscan Clay Victorian luxurious look and feel. Cool Roof Colors (Title 24 compliant) are perfect for any home looking for the benefits of increased energy efficiency. Premium Blend Premium Blend Premium Blend White VIDEO: See how color changes throughout the day and access high resolution Premium Blend photos. Scan QR Code. Page 119 Available in Single Width & Multi-Width 12 INCH WIDTH PROPOSED 12" 12" 12" 12" Single width is standard and Single Width presents a more uniform look with all field slates being 12" . Arendale Page 120  9" 6" 12" 9" 9" For a more traditional cottage style, our Multi-Width Multi-Width Slates are available in 6", 9", and 12" widths for greater variation across the roof. Arendale Multi-Width Page 121 Light Arendale Page 122  Washington Page 123 An Integrated System to Keep You Safe & Dry Slate Tile Roof System Standard Slate (Structural Ribbing Back) Install at all roof sections. Hip/Ridge Slate 11.8 Bundles per Square Available in three configurations depending on application and roof pitch: Low (160°), Standard, (120°) Steep (90°).* Solid Slate 8.3 linear feet per bundle (Solid Back ) 12" Back View Install at rake and/or valleys (optional upgrade). 23 Bundles per Square Low Standard Steep (160°) (120°) (90°) 12" Cut Slates Factory edge to the outside. Ice & Water Shield Recommended at eaves and valleys. Underlayment Synthetic recommended. Starter Install at eaves. Note: Images not to scale. Thick edge installed *For more detail on Hip/Ridge angles and application, refer to the installation guide. toward eave. Page 124  Brava Old World Slate Brava Old World Slate Light Arendale Brava Old World Slate Onyx Brava Old World Slate Washington Brava Old World Slate Atlantic Beautifully authentic high-performance roofing. The beautiful look of a slate roof without the maintenance. Truly realistic Color technology Our proprietary process creates the most Brava’s proprietary multi-coloring process authentic-looking old world slate on the market. means you get the authentic appearance of a natural product, complete with variegated colors Superior performance throughout the entire product. Brava is designed to withstand even the most severe weather, boasting the highest hail Fully sustainable resistance rating in the industry. Brava uses recycled material to create a roof that is fully recyclable. Enhanced curb appeal Curb appeal directly correlates with owner Complete satisfaction and higher property value. Brava offers a complete line of accessory tiles. Maintenance free Brava’s proprietary formulation ensures extreme durability. bravarooftile.com • (844) 290-4196 • info@bravarooftile.com Page 125 Unparalleled Performance Description Weight Dimensions 6" Field Tile 1.4 lbs. 6" x 22" 9" Field Tile 1.8 lbs. 9" x 22" Arendale Atlantic 12" Field Tile 2.7 lbs. 12" x 22" Starter 1.6 lbs. 12" x 12" Hip & Ridge 2.0 lbs. 5 5/8" x 6" x 16" Solid Multi-Width Accessory 4.5 lbs. 12" x 22 7/8" Weight Per Square (Standard Slate) 311 lbs./sq. Cottage Graphite Weight Per Square (Multi-Width Slate) 305 lbs./sq. Brava Old Aesthetics World Slate Natural Slate Authentic Look Light Arendale Onyx 1" Thickness  Multi-Colored Variegated Only the most expensive Premium Blend Solid Accessories for Realistic Installation  Brava Old Performance World Slate Natural Slate Fire Retardant: Class A or Class C Washington European Wind Resistance: 188+ mph*  Premium Blend Premium Blend Impact Resistance: Class 4 Varies by product Freeze/Thaw Resistant May spall in alpine regions Maintenance-Free Requires inspection and repair throughout the life cycle Pine Green Tuscan Clay Colorfast Only some varieties Hail Warrantied Varies by product Premium Blend Premium Blend Brava Old Installation World Slate Natural Slate Lightweight  High; slates with hairline cracks Victorian White Estimated Waste Factor Low or broken during install will be discarded Note: Premium Blend and Title 24 Cool Roof Colors are available  as an upcharge from Standard Color pricing. Please consult your sales representative for additional information. Gun Nailed in Cold Weather *Brava tiles are tested and approved to withstand wind speeds of up to 188 mph with nails and up to 211 mph with high wind / screw installation. Tolerances +or- 1/2”. All specifications subject to change without notice. Class 4 hail rating Class A fire rating available The printed colors shown may vary from actual colors. Before making a final selection, be sure to review actual material samples and roof installations. Please contact your salesperson for further assistance. In order to achieve certain fire and wind ratings, special installation instructions may be required. Please reference Brava Roof Tile installation manuals at www.BravaRoofTile.com for more details. © Brava 2023 OWS.SS.V9.1223 bravarooftile.com • (844) 290-4196 • info@bravarooftile.com Page 126  SLATE 22" Standard Width Slate 12" FASTENER LOCATOR 22" Multi-Width Slate 12" 9" FASTENER 6" LOCATOR 10" EXPOSUREE Layout & Exposure 2122"" 12" 20250616 FASTENER STARTER LOCATOR Page 127 BRAVA SLATE 36" FIELD UNDERLAYMENT AND ROOF DECK NOT 18" SHOWN FOR CLARITY OVERLAP VALLEY METAL SLOPE VALLEY UNDERLAYMENT LOCATE FASTENERS 10'' WIDE MIN. "W" STYLE APPROX. 5" FROM 1" CENTER CRIMP VALLEY CENTER OF VALLEY SHEET-METAL 24-26 GAUGE RECOMMENDED. SOLID TILE 3/16" GAP (TYP.) " 12 22 " DETAIL NO. CLOSED VALLEY BS-1 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com Page 128 BRAVA SLATE HEMMED EDGE CONTINUOUS BOTH SIDES STRIPPING PLY ON BOTH SIDES OF METAL CLIP APPROX. VALLEY METAL 2'' WIDE TWO FASTENERS PER CLIP OPTION 1 OPTION 2 FIELD UNDERLAYMENT AND ROOF DECK NOT SHOWN FOR CLARITY VALLEY METAL FABRICATED FROM MIN. 20'' WIDE SHEET LAP VALLEY METAL MIN. 8" SLOPE "DOUBLE W"-STYLE: 1" EXTEND TILES 5'' MIN. OVER CENTER CRIMP VALLEY METAL DOUBLE W STYLE: 1-1/2" CENTER CRIMP VALLEY UNDERLAYMENT 4" MIN SOLID TILE 3/16" GAP (TYP.) DETAIL NO. OPEN VALLEY DETAIL BS-2 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com Page 129 BRAVA SLATE 3/16" GAP (TYP.) FASTENER LOCATORS UNDERLAYMENT 12" x 22" FIELD SLATE 15/32" CDX PLYWOOD OR 7/16 OSB W/ 3:12 MIN. SLOPE 10" MAX. EXPOSURE ICE & WATER SHIELD 1" RAKE OVERHANG FIELD TILES 1/2" EAVE OVERHANG STARTER COURSE 12" X 12" W/2 FASTENERS RING SHANK ROOFING NAILS OR SCREWS FASTENED IN THE LOCATORS. L- OR T-TYPE DRIP GUTTER BY OTHERS EDGE METAL NOTES: 1. THIS DETAIL SHOWS ONE TYPE OF GUTTER SUPPORT. GUTTER SECUREMENT AND SUPPORT OPTIONS VARY. 2. SOLID SLATE RECOMMENDED AT RAKE EDGES AND VALLEYS. DETAIL NO. EAVE WITH GUTTER DETAIL BS-3 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com Page 130 BRAVA SLATE 12" X 22" FIELD SLATE UNDERLAYMENT PE O SL 3/16" GAP (TYP.) SOLID SLATE APPROX. 1" OVERHANG WITH L-TYPE DRIP EDGE METAL FASTENERS L- OR T-TYPE DRIP EDGE METAL DETAIL NO. RAKE DETAIL BS-4 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com Page 131 BRAVA SLATE ONE PIECE HIP & RIDGE CAPS -LOW: 4:12 OR LOWER -STANDARD: 5:12 - 10:12 -STEEP: 11:12 OR HIGHER FASTENERS COVERED BY SUCCEEDING RIDGE CAP SLATE RIDGE VENT 10" MAX UNDERLAYMENT WRAPPED OVER RIDGE 3/16" GAP (TYP.) DETAIL NO. RIDGE DETAIL BS-5 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE Page 132 © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com BRAVA SLATE 8" STRIP OF SELF-ADHERING UNDERLAYMENT MEMBRANE WRAPPED OVER HIP HIP CAPS -LOW: 5:12 OR LOWER -STANDARD: 6:12 - 14:12 -STEEP: 15:12 OR HIGHER SLATE FIELD 10" MAX 3/16" GAP (TYP.) DETAIL NO. HIP DETAIL BS-6 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE Page 133 © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com BRAVA SLATE LAP UNDERLAYMENT OVER FLASHING FLANGE STEP FLASHING BACKER FLASHING SKYLIGHT¾ TOP OF CURB MIN. 4" ABOVE ROOF SURFACE SEALANT SKYLIGHT FLANGE¾ OVERLAP STEP 3" MIN. APRON FLASHING APPROX. 2" FLASHING OR INSTALL COUNTERFLASHING TURN UP UNDERLAYMENT AT CURB 3/16" GAP (TYP.) SLATE FIELD TILE NOTES: 1. INSTALL CRICKET AT SKYLIGHTS WIDER THAN 30 INCHES. DETAIL NO. CURB-MOUNTED SKYLIGHT BS-12 BRAVA SLATE NOT DRAWN TO SCALE © 2024 Brava Roof Tile 915 E Tyler Street Washington IA 52363 Phone: 844-209-4196 Fax: 319-343-1038 Web:www.bravarooftile.com Page 134  St. Paul's Church Rectory Renovation CLIENT ST. PAUL'S CHURCH REV. ANDREW FAUST 279 CONGRESS STREET PORTLAND MAINE 04101 207.710.6484 LOFGREN CONSULTING ARCHITECT PETER LOFGREN 119 ELTON STREET PROVIDENCE RI 02906 617.388.4081 PETER@LOFGRENCARCH.COM CONTRACTOR GIL AGUILAR GIL'S PROPERTY SERVICES 31 CONGRESS STREET PAWTUCKET RI 02860 401.413.7088 CIVIL ENGINEER QWEN HASKELL, INC. PROFESSIONAL LAND SURVEYORS 390 US RT 1 UNIT 10 FALMOUTH ME 04105 207.774.0424 RECTORY RENOVATION HISTORIC 24 FEB 2026 No REVISIONS: NO. DATE DESCRIPTION DRAWING NAME: GUTTER DETAILS DATE: SCALE: PROJECT NUMBER: 2301.00 GUTTER SUPPORTS AT 3 FEET ON CENTER TYPICAL DRAWING NUMBER: A5.06 Page 135 CITY OF PORTLAND HISTORIC PRESERVATION BOARD NOTICE OF DECISION PROPERTY OWNER: St. Paul’s Parish Church (“Applicant”) PROPERTY LOCATION: 279 Congress Street (“Property”) PROJECT ID: HP-00061-2026 HISTORIC DESIGNATION(S): Local Landmark in the India Street Historic District ___________________________________ FINDINGS OF FACT & CONCLUSIONS OF LAW 1. On February 23, 2026, the Applicant applied for approval of replacement of roofing, with a change in material at the Property. 2. Pursuant to subsection 16.5.2 of the City of Portland Land Use Code (“Land Use Code”), the application required review and approval by the Historic Preservation Board (“Board”) against the standards for review of subsection 16.6 (“Standards”). 3. On April 15, 2026 the Board held a Public Hearing to review the application for replacement of the rectory roof with a new material at the property under HP-00061-2026. 4. Based on the written materials, oral testimony, staff memoranda, and public comment received during the public hearing held on April 15, 2026, the Board finds as follows: Subsection 16.6.3 - Standards for review of alterations to contributing properties: Standard A. Compatible use When the use of a property is being changed, every reasonable effort shall be made to minimize the alteration of the character-defining features of the building, structure, object, or site. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a cover letter and drawings to demonstrate that the use of the rectory is not being changed. Additionally, the Board notes that the YES existing asphalt roofing is not an original material and is not a character- defining feature. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. Standard B. Retain historic features The distinguishing original qualities or character of the building, structure, object, or site shall be retained and preserved. The removal or alteration of any historic material or distinctive architectural features should be avoided when possible. 1 Page 136 Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description, drawings, and photos which together with staff research demonstrate that the existing roofing material is YES not original. Additionally, the Board notes that no other distinctive, historic architectural features are being removed or altered. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. Standard C. Historical accuracy The building, structure, object, or site shall be recognized as a product of its own time, place, and use. Alterations that have no historical basis or create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other properties, shall not be undertaken. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description, photos, and drawings to demonstrate that installing a roof that appears to be slate would yield a building with a roof compatible with the adjoining church and with the period and style of the architecture. Staff notes there is no evidence that the roof of FOR BOARD the rectory has ever been covered with slate (the original roof appears to have DISCUSSION been wood shingles, according to Sanborn maps.) The applicants have pointed out that a house at 387 Spring Street, designed by a different architect two decades before the rectory is nonetheless in a very similar style, and it provides visual evidence of the compatibility of a slate roof with the rectory’s style and period. The Board should discuss whether this standard has been met. Standard D. Acquired significance Changes which may have taken place in the course of time are evidence of the history and development of the building, structure, object, or site. Changes that have acquired significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description and drawings, which together with staff research demonstrate that the replacement of the original roof with the existing asphalt roofing is the primary past change that has affected the YES roof of the rectory. Additionally, the Board notes that it does not find that the asphalt roof is a change that has acquired significance. The Board further finds no other previous changes to the rectory that have acquired significance are being altered or removed. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. Standard E. Distinctive features Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of skilled craftsmanship which characterize the building, structure, object, or site shall be retained and preserved. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description, and drawings to demonstrate YES that no distinctive features, finishes, construction techniques, or examples of 2 Page 137  skilled craftsmanship are being removed or altered. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. Standard F. Repair rather than replace Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced wherever feasible. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature should match the feature being replaced in composition, design, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Repair or replacement of missing historic features should be based on accurate duplications of features, substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description, drawings, and photos which, combined with staff research demonstrate that no significant historic features are proposed to be replaced. The Board notes that the proposed roof is not FOR BOARD therefore required to bear a strong visual resemblance to the existing asphalt DISCUSSION roof. The applicants point out that although slate has never covered the rectory in the past, slate roofing is visually compatible with the adjoining structure, and the proposed material exhibits a fairly strong resemblance to natural slate. The Board should discuss whether this standard has been met. Standard G. Surface cleaning The surface cleaning of the building, structure, or object, if appropriate, shall be undertaken with the gentlest means possible. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be undertaken. Standard Met? Staff Comments The Board finds this standard is not applicable to the proposed scope because NOT the applicant provided a project description and plans to demonstrate that no APPLICABLE surface cleaning is planned. Standard H. Archaeological resources Every reasonable effort shall be made to protect and preserve significant archaeological resources affected by or adjacent to any project. If resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. Standard Met? Staff Comments The Board finds this standard is not applicable to the proposed scope because NOT the India Street Historic District designation materials do not identify APPLICABLE significant archaeological resources on this site. Standard I. Differentiation and contemporary design Alterations and additions shall not destroy the character-defining features of the building, structure, object, or site. New work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the size, scale, color, material, and character of the building, structure, object, or site. 3 Page 138  Contemporary design for alterations and additions shall not be discouraged when such alterations and additions do not destroy significant materials or features that characterize the building, structure, object, or site. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project description and plans to demonstrate that although the proposed roof is not a similar material to the original rectory roof, it is compatible with the historic character of the building and the YES adjoining church. Additionally, the Board notes no character-defining features are being destroyed by the proposed alteration. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. Standard J. Reversibility Wherever possible, new additions or alterations to the building, structure, object, or site shall be undertaken in such a manner that, if such additions or alterations were to be removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the building, structure, object, or site would be unimpaired. Standard Met? Staff Comments The applicant provided a project summary and plans to demonstrate that only the roof and associated metal caps, valleys, and gutters are to be replaced. YES Additionally, the Board notes that these elements can be removed and / or replaced in the future without harming the essential form and integrity of the building. Thus, the Board finds this standard has been met. DECISION By a vote of ___ to ___, the Board adopts the above findings of fact to support its APPROVAL/CONDITIONAL APPROVAL/DENIAL of application HP-00061-2026 from April 15, 2026. _________________________________________________ ___________________ Brad Miller, Chair Date 4 Page 139 STAFF MEMORANDUM HISTORIC PRESERVATION PROGRAM PLANNING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT TO: Chair Miller and Members of the Historic Preservation Board FROM: Evan R. Schueckler, Historic Preservation Program Manager DATE: April 10, 2026 RE: 30 Atlantic Street – FIRST WORKSHOP – New Construction PROJECT ID: HP--00068-2026 MEETING: April 15, 2026 Owner: Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones Architect: Lauren Rosenberg, Lauren Rosenberg Architect, LLC A sign announcing the Historic Preservation Board’s meeting on April 15, 2026 was posted at the property on April 3, 2026, and 28 notices were sent to neighboring property owners within 100 feet of the subject property. _________________________________________ PROJECT SCOPE Construct new two-story gable-roofed single-family house with associated gable-roofed garage. House Dimensions: Garage Dimensions: Overall Height: ~29’ 6” Overall Height: ~14’ Footprint: ~87’ X 22’ 6” Footprint: ~13’ X 24’ Material Specifications: House Garage Foundation Concrete Concrete Siding “Masonry tile” & cedar Cedar Trim Not specified Not specified Roofing Standing seam metal Standing seam metal Windows Aluminum-clad wood Aluminum-clad wood Doors Not specified Not specified _________________________________________ 1 Page 140 SUMMARY OF HISTORIC CONTEXT Figure 1: Map of the Munjoy Hill Historic District showing location of 30 Atlantic Street with yellow star. Munjoy Hill is a dense historic neighborhood with a blend of vernacular, working-class architecture and a number of grand, high-style houses which primarily face onto the Eastern Promenade. There are also a small number of commercial and institutional buildings scattered throughout. Early in Portland’s development, Munjoy Hill was sparsely populated with only a few houses located at the western base of the hill, closer to the waterfront. Other than the area occupied by the Portland Observatory and its attendant structures (constructed in 1807), the majority of the Hill was privately maintained as open-space for the pasturing of cows. The original Tukey’s Bridge, constructed in 1796, connected the eastern end of the Portland peninsula to the mainland and prompted the laying out of Washington Avenue. Development on the hill remained slow-going early in the nineteenth century. Regardless, in 1836 the City of Portland purchased the lands along the edge of the peninsula that would eventually become the Eastern promenade in response to the increasing development. The earliest houses, of which only a few survive, were generally very modest one- to two-story wood-frame capes. 2 Page 141  Figure #: An example of an early, though somewhat altered, cape type house, which would have been common in the early- to mid-nineteenth century (7 Lafayette Street). Development picked-up pace in the mid-nineteenth century with the founding of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad in 1845 and the Portland Company in 1847. Jobs at the Portland Company in particular, at the base of Munjoy Hill and along the waterfront, created the need for working-class housing in close proximity. The undeveloped tracts on Munjoy Hill provided ample space for that growth. Homes from the mid nineteenth century were often built in the vernacular Greek Revival style, featuring highly symmetrical façades and austere classically- inspired details. Figure #: An example of a more ornate asymmetrical gable-fronted Greek Revival (8 Sherbrook Street). In the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1866, Portland found itself in dire need of additional housing and significant development occurred on Munjoy Hill. This was fueled by subdivision of the remaining large tracts of land and the arrival of horse-drawn (and later electric) streetcars, which made the easternmost ends of the peninsula easily accessible to downtown Portland. In 3 Page 142 this late-nineteenth century era, the scale of buildings increased, with many two- to three- family Italianate and Second Empire structures being built. This dense mode of development was further fueled by an influx of immigrants in the early-twentieth century. The demand for housing led to the advent of the now ubiquitous triple-deckers which dominate the easternmost ends of Munjoy Hill. These large frame structures can be found dressed in various architectural styles that were popular from the 1880s into the 1910s. Figure #: A typical street showing examples of triple-deckers and Italianate duplexes (82, 84, 86, & 88 Beckett). This same era also saw increased interest in the expansive views and beauty of the Eastern Promenade by Portland’s wealthiest residents. A number of grand single-family homes were built along the Promenade in the Italianate, Second Empire, Shingle, and Queen Anne styles. This development in the very early-twentieth century solidified the Eastern Promenade streetscape as we know it today. Figure #: An example of grant Queen Anne style house facing onto the Eastern Promenade (140 Eastern Promenade). 4 Page 143 Munjoy Hill has a long history of development and features highly varied architectural expressions across buildings. Many buildings also feature historical alterations, as past owners tried to update Capes or Greek Revival houses with Italianate or Queen Anne details, creating varied and dynamic layers of history. Regardless of this diversity, there are a handful of unifying features within the district. Construction is primarily of wood frame over brick or stone foundations, with only a handful of primarily brick structures. Structures are typically independent, but constructed densely, with tight driveways and side yards. Front yards are typically extremely shallow, with proximity to the sidewalk being prioritized even on large lots. Projecting bay windows or entry porches are often used to create additional variety along the sidewalk. Windows are predominantly vertically oriented with varied placement on front and side elevations. The immediate vicinity of the proposed development is highly eclectic, reflecting the overall diversity of the district’s architecture. There are several one-and-a-half story structures along Atlantic, with 48 Atlantic being the most architecturally spectacular of them. Two-and-a-half- story Greek revival and Italianates predominate, with a few second empire houses, triple- deckers, and larger multi-unit buildings intersperse. Figure 4: 2023 google street views showing 48 Atlantic Street (left image, left), a spectacular low-scale Italianate house next to 52 Atlantic (left image, right), a typical two-and-a-half-story Italianate house. 29 and 23 Atlantic (right image, left to right) are examples to austere two-and-a-half-story Greek revivals. 5 Page 144  Figure 5: 2023 google street views showing 28 Atlantic Street (left), an example of high-style triple decker, and 55 Atlantic, an early fully brick three-story apartment built. Additional information on the Munjoy Hill Historic District can be found on the city website: https://www.portlandmaine.gov/1548/Historic-Designations _________________________________________ STAFF COMMENTS Generally, the overall size and form of the proposed house fits well within the range of sizes and forms found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. Narrow, gable-fronted single- to three- family homes are a common typology. In the case of this project, the applicant is emulating those typologies in a very simple, contemporary design. While the size and form of the proposed structure is readily compatible, the Board should consider how several key elements relate to the context. First, the Board should consider how the proposed pattern of fenestration, in particular at the front façade, relates to the patterns of the district. The groupings of windows, such as are proposed at the north corner of the house, are atypical of the context except for around bay windows or other projections. The applicant has proposed a change in material at this area, which is reminiscent of projecting bays; however, no shift in wall plane is proposed. Additionally, the stand-alone windows at the front of the building are proposed to be shorter than the others. Staff would recommend consideration of whether it would be more appropriate for a consistent window height across the front façade. Second, the Board should consider the placement and character of the proposed building’s primary entrance. As proposed, the design seems to obscure the primary entrance, especially given how far it is set back from the street and that it is hidden by a solid 6' solid privacy fence. Generally, front doors are quite prominent, most commonly being located on the front of the building, facing the street. Even in the not uncommon cases where front doors are located on side elevations, they are typically called out through open porches that extend to the front 6 Page 145 facade or through prominent hoods or porches. Staff would recommend that the Board consider whether the proposed entrance follows the patterns of entrance placement. If not, staff would recommend exploring options to make the entrance more prominent such as bringing the front entrance closer to the front of the building, incorporating a porch or covered entry that extends much closer to the street, or the use of a lower and more transparent fence to make the entrance more prominent to the street. The Board should consider examples of other side-facing or setback entries provided by the applicant. Third, the proposed tile cladding material is a new material that has not previously been reviewed. The use of a masonry tile cladding does not have a direct precedent in the historic context, but it does have a visual relationship with wood shingle siding, which is a common material within the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The applicant is also proposing to use vertical wood siding in selective areas of the house and on the garage. While wood siding is a common material in the district, vertically oriented siding is less common, though it does help to differentiate the building as a contemporary intervention. The Board should consider whether the proposed cladding materials are sufficiently contextual to the Munjoy Hill Historic District. _________________________________________ ANALYSIS OF APPLICABLE REVIEW STANDARDS Subsection 16.6.4 - Standards for review of additions and new construction: Standard A. Scale and form 1. Height The height of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public open space. Standard Met? Staff Comments The proposed two-story height for the house is typical of the Munjoy Hill Yes Historic District. The proposed single-story height for the garage is typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 2. Width The width of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public open space. Standard Met? Staff Comments The proposed widths of the house fits within the range of building widths found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The proposed widths of the garage, Yes which is narrower than the house, fits within the range of garage widths found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 7 Page 146 3. Proportion of principal facades The relationship of the width to the height of the principal facades shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public open space. Standard Met? Staff Comments The proposed vertically proportioned façades are typical of the Munjoy Hill Yes Historic District. 4. Roof shape The roof shape of the addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public open space. Standard Met? Staff Comments Yes The proposed gabled roofs are typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 5. Scale The size and mass of the addition or new construction in relation to open spaces, windows, doors, porches, and balconies shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation when viewed from any street or public open space. Standard Met? Staff Comments For Board The Board should discuss the relationship between the overall buildings and Discussion the openings and open spaces around them. Standard B. Composition of principle facades 1. Proportion of openings The relationship of the width to height of windows and doors shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The house is proposed to have vertically-proportioned windows, as are typical of primary buildings in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The garage is Yes proposed to have a slightly horizontally-proportioned door, as is also typical of garages in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 2. Rhythm of solids to voids The relationship of solids to voids in the principal facades shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The house is proposed to have a primarily solid façade, with large windows regularly arranged as is typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District, though a group of windows is proposed to be located at one of the front corners. For Board Groupings of windows are sometimes found, especially around projecting Discussion bays. The Board should discuss whether the rhythm of solids and voids on the house is appropriately contextual to the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The garage is proposed to have a single door that occupies the majority of the front façade, as is typical of garages in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 8 Page 147 3. Rhythm of entrances, porches, and other projections or recesses The relationship of entrances, porches, and other projections or recesses to sidewalks shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The house is proposed to have a primary entry access from the side of the building, set well back from the street. Most buildings in the Munjoy Hill Historic District have primary entrances on the front of the building. It is also not uncommon for buildings to have entrances located on their side facades; however, in these instances the entrances are often highlighted with For Board distinctive entry surrounds or porches that extend to the street. The Board Discussion should discuss whether the proposed entrance placement and design is sufficiently compatible with the pattern of entrances in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. The garage is proposed to have a single car-door facing the street and a single person-door on the side as is typical of garages in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 4. Relationship of materials The relationship of the color and texture of materials (other than paint color) of the principal facades shall be visually compatible with the predominant materials used on the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The house is proposed to be clad primarily in a masonry tile laid in a regular shingle pattern. This particular material is not found in the Munjoy Hill Historic District; however, it does emulate the scale, pattern and texture of wooden shingles which are common throughout the district. A vertical cedar siding around a corner grouping of windows on the primary house and to For Board clad the garage. Vertical siding is not typical of the context, but the wood Discussion scale and material have a relationship with the wooden clapboard siding typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. It is also common for houses to exhibit a change in material around projecting bays. The Board should discuss whether the palette and arrangement of materials are sufficiently compatible with the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 9 Page 148 Standard C. Relationship to street 1. Walls of continuity Facades and site features, such as masonry walls, fences, and landscape masses, shall, when it is a characteristic of the context, form cohesive walls of enclosure along the street to ensure visual compatibility with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The front façade of the house is proposed to align with the front facades of adjacent structures while maintaining a small side yard to the south and a wider yard for the driveway and garage to the north. The garage is proposed Yes to be set well back from the street as is typical of accessory structures. This reinforces the diffuse but consistent street wall typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 2. Rhythm and spacing along streets The relationship of the addition or new construction to the open space between it and adjacent buildings, structures, objects, or sites shall be visually compatible with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The placement of the house is proposed to maintain a narrow side yard to the south, and a wider side yard to the north. Many streets in the Munjoy Hill Historic District maintain a very regular pattern of structures and spaces, For Board with narrow yards for driveways to the side of each house, though the Discussion district does exhibit some variety in the widths and placement of side yards. The Board should discuss whether the proposed placement of the structures and side yards are compatible with the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 3. Directional expression of principal facades The addition or new construction shall be visually compatible with the directional character of the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation, whether this be vertical character, horizontal character, or nondirectional character. Standard Met? Staff Comments The house is proposed to have a vertical proportions and siding with a Yes predominantly horizontal expression. This mixed directional expression is typical of structures in the Munjoy Hill Historic District. 10 Page 149  4. Streetscape, pedestrian improvements Streetscape and pedestrian improvements and any change in the appearance thereof located adjacent to any addition or new construction shall not be incongruous with the contributing buildings, structures, objects, and sites of the historic designation. Standard Met? Staff Comments The site is proposed to have a modest front yard for landscaping and single- wide driveway approaching the garage, along with a path leading towards the front door. A solid six-foot-tall fence is proposed between the house and For Board garage blocking views of the primary building entrance. The Board should Discussion discuss whether the proposed site improvements along the street, in particular the solid fence in front of the door, are typical of the Munjoy Hill Historic District. _________________________________________ ATTACHMENTS 1. Project Description 2. Drawings 11 Page 150  Re: Project description for Historic Preservation Application Submission Dear City of Portland Planning and Urban Development Department, M ARCH 23, 20 26 The property of 30 Atlantic Street is currently a .12 acre vacant parcel on Munjoy Hill. The proposed project includes three separate structures: a main house (2983 square feet) , detached 1-car garage, and detached sauna pavilion. From the street, the house (the principle structure) is justified on the left side of the property, measuring 18’ wide and extending to the rear setback. The house has a strong connection to the street and ensures continuity in the neighborhood. The house has a 9:12 standing seam gable roof. The facades are a combination of masonry tile and vertical cedar boards. The masonry tile is a timeless natural material that has a 100-year warranty and resembles traditional cedar shingles. The vertical boards connect a grouping of windows on the first and second levels, and will be stained to match the masonry tiles. The staircase on the left-side of the building protrudes out to allow for daylight to be brought into the staircase while maintaining privacy from the adjacent neighbor, and adding architectural interest from the street. The entry shares a similar language, yet by maximizing glazing: this emphasizes the entry, allows light into the house, provides a visual continuity between the front and back yard, and is visible from the street. A flat roof extends over the entry and garage roof, providing a covered “connection” between the house and the garage. From the street, the garage is justified on the right side of the property and is 13’ wide and set back 14’-6” from the house. The garage also has a 9:12 standing seam gable roof. The garage facade will be vertical cedar boards, aligning with the tonality of the main house masonry tile. A sauna pavilion anchors the far right rear of the property, forming a courtyard within the three buildings. The pavilion will also be clad with natural vertical cedar boarding and will be seasonally used. The structure is intended to “float” over the property and fully engage with the designed landscape. Thank you, Lauren Rosenberg L A U R E N R O S E N B E R G A R C H I T E C T L L C L R A R C . C O M Page 151  3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N 04.07.2026 OWNER Brooke Chornyak and Dylan Jones ARCHITECT LR/ARC LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT Matthew Cunningham Landscape Design CIVIL ENGINEER Acorn Engineering, Inc. STRUCTURAL ENGINEER Albert Putnam Associates LR/ARC Page 152  SITE CONTEXT A T L A N T IC E D S A T N R E E E M T O R P N R E T S A E 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 153  STREETSCAPE 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 154  STREETSCAPE DIAGRAM WIDTH AND HEIGHT PROPORTIONAL TO S T R E E T S C A P E S TA C K E D B AY T W O - S TO RY E N T RY B U M P - O U T GABLE ROOF GABLE ROOF WINDOWS COVERED ENTRY SIDE ENTRANCE A L L U S I O N TO S TA C K E D B AY W I N D O W S RECESSED GARAGE VISUAL PRIVACY ( H I G H W I N D O W S I L L / E N T RY G AT E ) 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 155  FIGURE GROUND DIAGRAM PRECEDENT BUILDINGS A # 5 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T B # 3 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T C # 2 7 M U N J OY S T R E E T D # 5 1 WAT E R V I L L E S T R E E T E # 3 4 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T F # 6 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T G # 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T CONSISTENT SETBACK FROM STREET MASSING AND BUILDING WIDTH CONSISTENT ALONG STREET 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 156  PRECEDENT IMAGES A # 5 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T GABLE ROOF S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E B # 3 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T GABLE ROOF SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM THE STREET 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 157  PRECEDENT IMAGES C # 2 7 M U N J OY S T R E E T GABLE ROOF T W O - S TO RY B U M P - O U T AT E N T RY S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E B E H I N D G AT E D # 5 1 W AT E R V I L L E S T R E E T VARIOUS WINDOW SIZES ON FRONT FACADE S U B O R D I N AT E S I D E E N T R A N C E 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 158  PRECEDENT IMAGES E # 3 4 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T GABLE ROOF SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM THE STREET HISTORIC PRECEDENTS * C U R R E N T LY D E M O L I S H E D / M A J O R LY R E N O V A T E D B U I L D I N G S F # 6 6 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T G # 7 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T GABLE ROOF GABLE ROOF SIDE ENTRANCE SET BACK FROM S T R E E T, B E H I N D G AT E T W O - S TO RY E N T RY BUMP-OUT ON SIDE OF BUILDING 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 159  8 prepared by Owen NEIGHBOR 1, Unit 10, Falmouth Chornyak-Jones 774.0424 Residence 2. Existing conditio collected by: Matthe Design LLC, 411 Ma 8 30-32 11 S I T E Atlantic Street Portland, Maine P L A N02108 / 366 Fore S - Tel: (617) 905.224 3. True and current those indicated on t General Notes: verify true condition construction and no 1. Existing conditions and topographic data are significant discrepa 118 from a site plan of land dated 17 July 2025; prepared by Owen Haskell, Inc., 390 US-Route 4. Contractor shall PROPERTY LINE NEIGHBOR Chornyak-Jones 1, Unit 10, Falmouth, ME 04105 - Tel: (207) 774.0424 utilities and services during construction. G G G G G Residence G G G G coordinate with DIG 2. Existing conditions supplemented from data during construction FENCE LOW RETAINING WALL collected by: Matthew Cunningham Landscape contractor's expens 30-32LLC, Design Atlantic 411 MainStreet Street, Stoneham, MA 118 Portland, 02108 Maine / 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 5. Contractor shall 5'-0" 120 GRAVEL STORAGE SPACE 3'-6" 3'-0" - Tel: (617) 905.2246 landscape designer which may affect th 3. True and current conditions may differ from in the drawings. BUILDING SETBACK General Notes: those indicated on the plan. Contractor shall verify true conditions in the field prior to 6. Contractor shall 1. Existing conditions and topographic data are permits required for 3'-0" construction and notify landscape designer of 118 from a site plan of land dated 17 July 2025; significant discrepancies. local agencies, dep prepared by Owen Haskell, Inc., 390 US-Route other authorities ha SOAKE POOL NEIGHBOR 1, Unit 10, Falmouth, ME 04105 - Tel: (207) 119 MECHANICAL 4. Contractor shall verify location of any existing by the work. 774.0424 utilities and services and provide protection SOAKE PROPERTY LINE during construction. Contractor shall directly 7. All work shall be 6'-0" 4'-0" POOL 2. Existing conditions supplemented from data Maine State Buildin coordinate with DIG Safe. Utilities damaged LF-1 G G G G G G G G G collected by: Matthew Cunningham Landscape during construction shall be repaired at 7 ATLANTIC STREET 9 FENCE Design LLC, 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA contractor's expense. 11 8. Contractor shall 11 STONE PATIO LOW RETAINING WALL 118 2'-6" 02108 / 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 during all phases of - Tel: (617) 905.2246 LF-1 5. Contractor shall contact and inform client and Remove from the si 10'-0" RE-ALIGNED 120 6'-0" GARAGE 5'-0" GRAVEL STORAGE landscape esigner to any unforeseen conditions debris, and equipm ENTRY DRIVE 3. True and current conditions may differ from approved location. SPACE 3'-6" 3'-0" which may affect the intended design as set forth those indicated on the plan. Contractor shall SAUNA in the drawings. BUILDING SETBACK verify true conditions in the field prior to 9. Do not scale dra construction and notify landscape designer of 6. Contractor shall secure any necessary significant discrepancies. 3'-0" permits required for the work from any state or 10. All angles are a local agencies, departments, utility companies or unless otherwise st 4. Contractor shall verify location of any existing SOAKE POOL 10'-0" other authorities having jurisdiction and affected utilities and services and provide protection 119 MECHANICAL by the work. 118 PROPERTY LINE during construction. Contractor shall directly LF-1 6'-0"1'-0" G G G G G coordinate with DIG Safe. Utilities damaged SOAKE G G G G 7. All work shall be in in accordance with the 4'-0" POOL FENCE during construction shall be repaired at Maine State Building Code. LF-1 LOW RETAINING WALL 1'-0" contractor's expense. 7 ATLANTIC STREET 9 5'-0" 11 8. Contractor shall leave site clean and orderly 11 STONE PATIO 2'-6" 3'-0" 5. Contractor shall contact and inform client and 120 during all phases of the construction process. 5'-0" 3'-0" STONE WALK landscape designer to any unforeseen conditions Remove from the site all excess materials, soils, 6'-0" LF-1 GRAVEL STORAGE 3'-6" GARAGE 3'-0" 10'-0" RE-ALIGNED which may affect the intended design as set forth SPACE ENTRY DRIVE debris, and equipment. Store materials only in an in the drawings. BUILDING SETBACK approved location. SAUNA 6'-9" 6. Contractor shall secure any necessary FENCE 9. Do not scale drawings. BUILDING SETBACK permits required for the work from any state or 7'-6" 3'-0" 3'-0" K PROPERTY LINE local agencies, departments, utility companies or BUILDING SETBAC STONE WALK 10. All angles are assumed to be 90 degrees other authorities having jurisdiction and affected PROPERTY LINE SOAKE POOL unless otherwise stated. 3'-0" 119 MECHANICAL by the work. 10'-0" STEP STEP 2'-6" 118 SOAKE 7. All work shall be in in accordance with the 1'-0" 6'-0" 4'-0" POOL LF-1 Maine State Building Code. LF-1 7 ATLANTIC STREET 9 11 8. Contractor shall leave site clean and orderly 11 STONE PATIO 2'-6" 1'-0" during all phases of the construction process. 5'-0" 3'-0" Remove from the site all excess materials, soils, LF-1 10'-0" RE-ALIGNED 6'-0" 3'-0" STONE WALK GARAGE ENTRY DRIVE debris, and equipment. Store materials only in an 11 SAUNA RESIDENCE approved location. 6 9. Do not scale drawings. 6'-9" 117 BUILDING SETBACK 8 10. All angles are assumed to be 90 degrees 7'-6" 3'-0" RE-BULT RETAINING WALL K PROPERTY LINE 11 unless otherwise stated. BUILDING SETBAC STONE WALK 10'-0" 3'-0" 118 1'-0" STEP LF-1 STEP 2'-6" 1'-0" 5'-0" 3'-0" 3'-0" STONE WALK 11 6'-9" RESIDENCE 6 BUILDING SETBACK 7'-6" 3'-0" DR K PROPERTY LINE D 117 BUILDING SETBAC 8 STONE WALK 11 STEP STEP 3'-0" 2'-6" W W BRICKS REMOVED 116 2'-2" 117 411 Main Stre BUILDING SETBACK 11 366 Fore Stre RESIDENCE 6 11 617.905.224 5'-0" GRAVEL ACCESS PINE DUFF PATH 5 REVISIONS: G 117 G G G AREA G G G G G G G G G G G G G #: DATE: DESC 8 G G G G DR G 11 D PROPERTY LINE W W BRICKS REMOVED 116 2'-2" BUILDING SETBACK 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA 02180 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 SCALE: 1/4"=1'-0" 7 11 617.905.2246 p | 617.321.4014 f 5'-0" GRAVEL ACCESS PINE DUFF PATH 5 REVISIONS: DR D G G G AREA G G G G G NEIGHBOR G G G G G G G G G G G G G G #: DATE: DESCRIPTION: 0' SHEET TITLE: PROPERTY LINE W W BRICKS REMOVED 116 Landsca 2'-2" BUILDING SETBACK 411 Main Street, Stoneham, MA 02180 366 Fore Street, Portland, ME 04101 7 11 617.905.2246 p | 617.321.4014 f 5'-0" GRAVEL ACCESS PINE DUFF PATH 5 SCALE: 1/4"=1'-0" REVISIONS: DATE: 06 April 2026 G G G G SHEET NUMBER: AREA G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G #: DATE: DESCRIPTION: S NEIGHBOR 0' 4' 8' 16' PROPERTY LINE SHEET TITLE: 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 160 FOR PER Landscape Site Plan  FIRST FLOOR PLANS G A R A G E S A U N A ( F F E : 12 0 ' - 6 " ) E N T R Y ( F F E : 12 0 ' - 0 " ) H A L L SITTING R O O M B E D R O O M 1 M U D R O O M L A U N D R Y S C U L L E R Y K IT C HE N B A T H 1 D W ST A IR 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 161  SECOND FLOOR PLAN H A L L H A L L P R IMA R Y B E D R O O M B E D R O O M 2 P R I M A R Y W C C L O S E T B A T H 2 P R I M A R Y B A T H R O M ST A IR 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 162  914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om P AV I L I O N E L E V AT I O N S SB SA SB SA S2 S1 S2 S1 laur en r osenber g architect llc 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om SB SA SB SA S2 S1 S2 S1 E V A T ION 1 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T A T LA NT IC 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T E V A T ION 1 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " N O R T H E L E V AT I O N W E S T E L E V AT I O N P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1 P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1 A T LA NT IC SA SB SA SB S1 S2 S1 S2 SA SB SA SB S1 S2 S1 S2 E V A T ION 3 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 4 E A S T E L E V A T ION 4 E A S T E L E V A T ION 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S O U T H E L E V AT I O N E A S T E L E V AT I O N PAVILION ELEVATIONS SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" DATE: 3/ 17/ 26 E V A T ION S O U T H E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION 1' - 0 " 3 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " 4 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " 4 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " A-204 PAVILION ELEVATIONS SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" DATE: 3/ 17/ 26 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 163 A-204  G A R A G E E L E V AT I O N S laur en r osenber g architect llc 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om GB GB GA GA G2 G2 G1 G1 laur en r osenber g architect llc 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2 12 12 12 12 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om GB 9 9 GB GA 9 9 GA G2 G2 G1 G1 12 12 12 12 9 9 9 9 116 116 116 116 1 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 1 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " 3 0 A T L A N T I C S3T0R AE TE LT A N T I C S T R E E T A T LA NT I A CT L A N T I C N O R T H E L E V A T ION N O R T H E L E V AT I O N N O R T H E L E V A T ION W E S T E L E V AT I O W E S T E L E V A T ION W EN S T E L E V A T ION 1 1 2 2 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " P O R T L A N D , M AP IO NRE T0L 4A10N D1, M A I N E 0 4 10 1 GA GA GB GB G1 G1 G2 G2 12 12 12 12 GA 9 9 GA GB 9 9 GB G1 G1 G2 G2 12 12 12 12 9 9 9 9 D04 D04 S O U T H E L E V AT I O N E A S T E L E V AT I O N 3 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 3 S O U T H E L E V A T ION 4 E A S T E L E V A T I OD04 N 4 E A S T E L E V A T I OD04 N S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " GA RA GE S O U T H E L E V A T ION S O U T H E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION E A S T E L E V A T ION ELEVATIONS 3 3 4 4 S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" DATE: 3/ 17/ 26 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 164 GA RA GE A-203 ELEVATIONS  H O U S E E L E V AT I O N S 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T D C B A A B C D T.O. R I D G E T.O. R I D G E E L E V .= 28'-0" 12 12 E L E V .= 28'-0" 12 12 9 9 9 9 laur en r osenber g architect llc 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET , 2 A P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 2 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r c .c om T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" 208 207 215 214 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " 107 106 114 113 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) E L E V .= 0'-0" E L E V .= 0'-0" 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T A T LA NT IC 1 N O R T H E L E V A T ION 1 S O U T H E L E V A T ION S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " N O R T H E L E V AT I O N S O U T H E L E V AT I O N P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 T.O. R I D G E E L E V .= 28'-0" 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 165 T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4"  30 ATLAN 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T A B C D A T L P OR T L A ND, T.O. R I D G E H O U S E E L E V AT I O N S 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T 12 12 E L E V .= 28'-0" 9 9 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 laur en r osenber g archite 2 2 C U S H M A N S T R EET PO R T L A ND, MA INE 0 T.O. R I D G E 914 .4 7 5.6061 | L a ur en@L Ra r E L E V .= 28'-0" T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" 215 214 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) 206 205 204 E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " 217 216 202 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " 114 113 105 104 103 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) E L E V .= 0'-0" 115 114 30 A T L A NT IC S T R E E T D02 102 A T LA NT IC T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) 1 S O U T H E L E V A T ION E L E V .= 0'-0" MA IN HOUSE S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " ELEVATIONS SCALE: 3/8" = 1'-0" DATE: 3/ 17/ 26 2 W E S T E L E V A T ION P O R T L A N D , M A I N E 0 4 10 1 W E S T E L E V AT I O N S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " A-20 35'-0" M A X B U I L D I N G H E I G H T 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 T.O. R I D G E E L E V .= 28'-0" T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) EL EV .= 20'-6 3/4" 213 210 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " 112 110 109 108 T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) E L E V .= 0'-0" MA IN HOUSE ELEVATIONS SCALE: 1/4" = 1'-0" DATE: 3/ 17/ 26 2 E A S T E L E V AT I O N E A S T E L E V A T ION S C A L E : 1/ 4 " = 1' - 0 " 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC A-20 Page 166  RENDERINGS VIEW FROM STREET V I E W F R O M C O U R T YA R D 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 167  P R O P O S E D M AT E R I A L S MASONRY TILE | GLEN-GERY SK1N VERTICAL CEDAR BOARDING S TA N D I N G S E A M M E TA L R O O F - G A LV A L U M E 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 168  PROPOSED DOOR/WINDOW M A R V I N U LT I M A T E MARVIN MODERN casement/fixed multislide door 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 169  2 8 2 6 NOTE: SEE ST R UC T UR A L METAL SILL PAN W IT H 2 2 2 2 2 2 F OR HE A DE R SIZING BA C K DA M. DO NOT SET IN SE A L A NT 2 8 2 6 EX T ENT OF BOA R DING WMETAL R A P GRSILL A C EPAN ICEWAIT NDH 2 2 2 NOT E: SEE ST R UC T UR A L 2 2 2 WATERBA C K LDA SHIE D M. ONT DO NOT SILL AY P R O P O S E D B U I L D I N G D E TA I L S F OR HE A DE R SIZING SET IN SE A L A NT EX T ENT OF TR IM N ALL EX T ENT OF BOA R DING EX T ENT OF F L OOR ING W R A P GR A C E ICE A ND 2x SILL, P IT CHED TO AY NOT E: SEE ST R UC T UR A L WATER SHIE L D ONT O SILL DR A IN N ALL F OR HE A DE R SIZING EX T ENT OF TR IM SEA L F L A SHING TO SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP OF V P 10 0 EX T ENT OF F L OOR ING T .O. S U B F L O O R A T F IR S T F L O O R SE L F -A DHE R E D ME MB R A NE 2x SILL, P IT E CHED L E VTO .= 2 1' - 0 " DR A IN SEA L C OP P E R F L A SHING 3 0 A T3L0A A N TT ILC A NSTTI R C ESETTR E E T SEA L F L A SHING TO TO SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP 2 6 1 1/ 4" NOSE STARTER SHE A T HINGTR IM W IT H ST R IP OF V P 10 T .O. S U B F L O O R A T F IR S T F L O O R OF SE0L F -A DHE R E D SE L F -A DHE R E D ME MB R A NE BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D ME MB R A NE E L E V .= 2 1' - 0 " A T L AAT L NAT INCT I C 10 10 10 10 10 10 SEA L C OP P E R F L A SHING 2 6 3/ 16" x 3/ 16" DR IP K ERF TO SHE A T HING W IT H ST R IP 2 6 NOSE AL UMINUMTRTRIMIM AT HE A D 1 1/ 4" STARTER 1/ OF4"SEVLENT F -AILA T R DHEIONE DGA P BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 2 8 A ND JA MB S BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 2 6 ME MB R A NE 1x K IC K BOA R D 10 10 10 10 10 10 2 6 3/ 16" x 3/ 16" DR IP K ERF A L UMINUM TR IM AT HE A D 1/ 4" V ENT ILA T ION GA P BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 2 8 A ND JA MB S 2 6 BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D 1x K IC K BOA R D F L A SHING, TYP. D O NOT SEA L HE R E EX T ENT OF HA R DSC A P E P O R TPLOARNTDL, AMNADI ,N M E A0I 4N E 10 1 0 4 10 1 DRYWALL R ET UR N AT C OP P E R HE A D F L A SHING, BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D JA MBS A ND HE A D INT E R IOR BA C K E R TYP. F L A SHING, TYP. R OD A ND SE A L A NT D O NOT SEA L HE R E APPLY F L UID OV E R EX T ENT OF HA R DSC A P E INT E R IOR BA C K E R F L A NGE A ND ONT O F R A ME R OD A ND DRYWALL SEUR R ET A LNA NT AT C L OSED CELL SPRAY C OP P E R HE A D F L A SHING, F OA M INT INSUL AT HE A D A ND JA MBS JA MBS A ND HE A D E RA T IORION BAIN CKEALLR TYP. CAVITIES R OD A ND ASERAOL A UNDNT C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M W I ND O W S APPLY F L UID OV E R 2 4 AT INT E INSUL A T ION INRALL IOR BA C K R CAVITIES F L A NGE A ND ONT O F R A ME ARROODUNDA NDWSE AL IND OAWNTS C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M INSUL A T ION IN ALL AT HE A D A ND JA MBS CAVITIES A R O UND C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M W I ND O W S 2 4 AT INSUL A T ION IN ALL CAVITIES A R O UND W IND O W 5 TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL 9 FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW SILL A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" 2 1/ 2" 2 1/ 2" TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW SILL T Y PSCALE: 5 I C A3"L= 1'-0"W I N D O W H E A D D E T A I L A-601 9 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" 16 " S T A N D I N G S E A M M E T A L R O O F DR IP E D GE ICE A ND WATER SHIE L D O/ 5/8" R OOF SHE A T HING ICE A ND WATER SHIE L D O/ 5/8" R OOF SHE A T HING 2 2 2 2 2 16 " ST A NDING SE A M METAL R OOF 16 " ST A NDING SE A M METAL R OOF 2 3/4" TYP. EX T ENT OF BOA R DING DR IP E D GE DR IP E D GE SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD 3/4" TYP. EX T ENT OF BOA R DING 2 6 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E 2 6 SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD SEA L A NT A ND BA C K ER R OD 12 A L UMINUM SILL 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D 12 12 12 12 T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP. HOL D BOA R DING D O W N 1/ 4" 2 8 2 8 2 8 2 8 3/4" TYP. 12 A L UMINUM SILL 2 8 2 8 METAL HAT C HA NNE L 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP. HOL D BOA R DING D O W N 1/ 4" 2 8 2 8 5/4 W O O D SILL, HE L D 2 8 V P 10 0 W R A P S OV E R R.O. 2 8 T IGHT TO HA R DW 3/4" A R E TYP. 2 8 2 8 C O NT INUO US BEA D OF F R A MING AS REQ 'D. F R A MING AS REQ 'D. 5/4 W S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE SEA L A NT BE T W E E N F R A MING S K 1N MA SONR Y TILE 1/O 2"O D SILL, GYP. HE L BD., D TYP. T IGHT TO HA R DW A R E AP V 10 SHE ND 0 WRAA P S OVTYP. T HING, E R R.O. 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL 2x8 S T UD W A LL 2x8 S T UD W A LL C O NT INUO US BEA D OF A ND C EIL ING, TYP. A ND C EIL ING, TYP. IC O NE P R IO R TO METAL HAT C HA NNE L SEA L A NT BE T W E E N F R A MING METAL HAT C HA NNE L INST A L L A T ION. 1/ 2" GYP. BD., TYP. A ND SHE A T HING, TYP. ( F IL L C A V I T I E S ( F IL L C A V I T I E S A ND R E M O V E E OUT . TYPICAL W IT H C C SP F ) W IT H C C SP F ) IC O NE P R IO R TO F R A MING AS REQ 'D. F R A MING AS REQ 'D. INST A L L A T ION. A ND R E M O V E W INDOW E OUT . 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL 1/ 2" GYP. BD. AT WALL DETAILS TYPICAL A ND C EIL ING, TYP. A ND C EIL ING, TYP. SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" W INDOW DATE: 4/6/26 DETAILS SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" TY 6 PTYPICAL I C A L CASEMENT WINDO WDETAIL S I L@LMASONRY D E T ATILE I L WALL 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L DATE: 4/6/26 SILL 7 TYPICAL DIRECT GLAZED SILL DETAIL @ VERTICAL SIDING 10 W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SITTING ROOM A-601 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" 6 TYPICAL CASEMENT SILL DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL 7 TYPICAL DIRECT GLAZED SILL DETAIL @ VERTICAL SIDING 10 W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SITTING ROOM C A V IT IE S W IT H C C S P F ) C A V IT IE S W IT H C C S P F ) A-601 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A L UMINUM TR IM C L OSED CELL SPRAY F OA M INSUL A T ION IN ALL EX T ENT OF MA SONR Y TILES CAVITIES A R O UND W I ND O W S INT E R IOR BA C K E R 2 8 R OD A ND SE A L A NT 1 TYPICAL EAVE DETAIL 1 TYPICAL EAVE DETAIL 2 TYPICAL RAKE DETAIL 2 TYPICAL RAKE DETAIL A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" T Y P I C A L E AV E D E TA I L A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" TYPICAL RAKE D E TA I L A-501 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" 2 8 laur en r ose 2 2 22 C U S H M PORTLAN 2 8 914 .4 7 5.6061 6 6 3/4" BL OC K ING AS R EQ 'D EP DM R OOF ME MBR A NE O/ EP DM R OOF ME MBR A NE O/ 2 6 2 6 DRYWALL R ET UR N AT TAPERED INSUL A T ION, TAPE SEA MS. TAPERED INSUL A T ION, TAPE SEA MS. JA MBS A ND HE A D PITCH 1/ 4":1'-0" PITCH 1/ 4":1'-0" SILL BE L OW 2 6 2 6 C UR B TO RETAIN RIVER R OC K C UR B TO RETAIN RIVER R OC K T Y P I C A L W I N D O W J A M B D E TA I L 1' - 4 " 1' - 4 " F R A MING F R A MING TO TO F R A MING F R A MING TYPICAL CASEMENT HEAD DETAIL @ MASONRY TILE WALL 1 TYPICAL CASEMENT/AWNING W INDOW JAMB DETAIL 4 @ FLUSH CONDITION 8 FLOOR TO CEILING W INDOW HEAD DETAIL @ SECOND FLOOR A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" A-601 A-601 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" SCALE: 3" = 1'-0" 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T2 8 2 8 H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 170 NOTE: SEE ST R UC T UR A L F OR HE A DE R SIZING  C 12 T Y P IC A L R O O F A S S E MB L Y ( MA IN H O U S E ) BUILDING/WALL SECTION ST A NDING S E A M MET A L R O O F 9 IC E & W A T E R S HIE L D O R SIM. 5/ 8" S H E A T H I N G R OOF T R USSES 9 1/ 4 " M I N . C C S P F @ R O O F D E C K R OOF T R USSE S - SEE ST RUC T URA LS T.O. P L A T E ( UP P E R L E V E L ) E L E V . = 2 0 ' - 10 " F R A MING A S REQ'D. D C B A T.O. R I D G E E L E V .= 28'-0" 12 12 9 9 P R IMA R Y B E D R O O M E NGINE E R E D R OOF T R USSE S - SEE ST RUC T URA LS 2 x 8 S T U D W A L L ( F IL L T.O. P L A T E ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) C A V IT IE S W IT H C C P S F ) E L E V . = 2 0 ' - 10 " 12 ' - 10 1/ 2 " 9'-0" T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G . C L O S E T T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G . T.O. S U B F L O O R ( UP P E R L E V E L ) E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " 14 " D E E P J O I S T S - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S 1' - 6 1/ 4 " T.O. P L A T E ( MA IN L E V E L ) E L E V . = 10 ' - 2 " T.O. S U B F L O O R ( S E C O N D F L O O R ) E L E V . = 11' - 4 3 / 4 " T Y P IC A L W A L L A S S E MB L Y ( MA IN H O U S E ) 14 " T J I s @ 16 " O . C . - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S 2 x 12 s @ 16 " O . C . - K IT C HE N SEE ST RUC T URA LS G L E N - G E R Y S K 1N T I L E S HA T C H A N N E L HYDROGAP 1/ 2 " S H E A T H I N G 2X8 ST UD WA L L ( CCSPF) T Y P . C E I L I N G : 1/ 2 D R Y W A L L O / 2 1/ 4 " S T R A P P I N G 1/ 2 " D R Y W A L L / W O O D B O A R D I N G - S E E F I N . S C H E D U L E S E E F INISH S C H E D U L E F O R W A L L MA T ER IA L F L USH BA SE BOA R D 9 ' - 10 1/ 2 " DA MP P R OOF ING 3/4" W O O D F L O O R I NG O / 3/4" S U B F L O O R T.O. S U B F L O O R ( MA IN L E V E L ) E L E V .= 0'-0" M U D R O O M E N T R Y 9.5" D E E P J O IS T S - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S T .O . F I N. F L R . T O B . O . F I N. C L G . GR O UND SLOPES AWAY F R O M W A L L AT 5 % CA P IL L A R Y BR E A K SEE ST R UCT UR A L S FOR CONNECTIONS 3" 8" 11" T.O. S U B F L O O R ( F IR S T F L O O R ) E L E V .= 0'-0" C R A W L S P A C E 9 . 5 " T J I s @ 16 " O . C . - S E E S T R U C T U R A L S C R A W L S P A C E 5'-5 3/ 4" SEE ST R UCT UR A L S F OR F OUNDA T ION INF OR MA T ION P OL Y ET HY L ENE V A P OR BA R R IER T UR NS UP WA LL T.O. S L A B ( C R A W L S P A C E ) T.O. F O O T I N G E L E V .= -6'-4" E L E V . = - 6 ' - 10 " 4" P E R F O R A T E D D R A IN w / 3/ 4" CLEAN C R USHE D ST ONE ALL A R O U N D W R A P P E D IN F IL T E R TYPICAL WALL SECTION F A BR IC . D R A IN T O D A Y L IGHT TYPICAL BUILDING SECTION 3 0 AT L A N T I C S T R E E T H I S TO R I C P R E S E R VAT I O N A P P L I C AT I O N | 0 4 . 0 7 . 2 0 2 6 LR/ARC Page 171